Emerging and historical brominated flame retardants in peregrine falcon (Falco peregrinus) eggs from Canada and Spain |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Department of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona, 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;2. Water Science and Technology, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6;3. Department of Instrumental Analysis and Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Organic Chemistry, CSIC, Juan de la Cierva 3, 28006 Madrid, Spain;4. Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Pic de Peguera 15, 17003 Girona, Spain;5. Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Sainte-Foy, Québec, Canada G1V 4H5;6. Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health, Science & Technology Branch, Environment Canada, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, Ontario, Canada L7R 4A6;1. Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada III, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Mod. C2, Campus Nord, C/ Jordi Girona Salgado 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;2. Departament de Matemàtica Aplicada I, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Mod. C2, Campus Nord, C/ Jordi Girona Salgado 1-3, 08034 Barcelona, Spain;1. School of Civil Engineering, Architecture and Urban Design, University of Campinas, P.O. Box 6143, 13083-889, Campinas, Brazil;2. Escola d’Enginyeria de Barcelona Est, EEBE, Chemical Engineering Department, UPC, BARCELONATECH, Comte d’Urgell 187, 08036, Barcelona, Spain;1. Department of Stratigraphy, Paleontology and Marine Geosciences, Faculty of Geology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain;2. Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Italy;3. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn Naples, Italy;4. Institute of Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnologies, National Research Council, Italy;1. Aarhus University, Department of Environmental Science, Arctic Research Centre, Roskilde, Denmark;2. Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme, Tromsø, Norway;3. Air Quality Processes Research Section, Environment and Climate Change Canada, Toronto, Canada;4. Ecotoxicology and Wildlife Health Division, Environment and Climate Change Canada, National Wildlife Research Centre, Carleton University, Ottawa, Canada;5. Aarhus University, Department of Bioscience, Arctic Research Centre, Roskilde, Denmark;6. Greenland Institute of Natural Resources, Nuuk, Greenland;7. Stockholm University, Department of Environmental Science and Analytical Chemistry, Stockholm, Sweden |
| |
| Abstract: | Comparisons of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in the eggs of peregrine falcons (Falco peregrinus) recently collected (2003–2007), are made between Canada (N = 12) and Spain (N = 13). Overall, concentrations of sum (Σ) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs; 16 di-deca-BDE congeners) exceeded Σhexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and were an order of magnitude higher than 2,2′4,4′,5,5′-hexabromobiphenyl (BB-153) > hexachlorocyclopentenyl-dibromocyclooctane (HCBDCO) > 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy)ethane (BTBPE) > decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE) > octabromotrimethylphenyllindane (OBIND) > hexabromobenzene (HBB) > bis(2-ethyl-1hexyl)tetrabromophthalate (BEHTBP). This is the first report of detectable HBCDCO and BEHTBP concentrations in biota, and the highest in ovo concentration of ∑ HBCD (14,617 ng/g lw; Montreal, Canada) to date. There were significantly greater egg concentrations of BB-153, ΣHBCD, and ΣPBDE including BDE-153, -99, -100 and -183, in Canadian than Spanish peregrines with a terrestrial diet. HBB, BTBPE, and OBIND were detected in eggs from both countries, but only Canadian peregrine eggs had detectable levels of HCDBCO (25%) and DBDPE (N = 1). The in ovo PBDE congener profile was dominated by BDE-153 > BDE-99 > BDE-47 > BDE-183 > BDE-100 > BDE-209, with the isomeric HBCD pattern being α-HBCD > γ-HBCD (β-HBCD undetected). The Canadian peregrine eggs had lower enantiomeric HBCD values consistent with their higher fractions of (−) α-HBCD, suggesting selective enantiomeric enrichment or that the (+) α-isomer is more readily metabolized and so deposited in the egg through maternal transfer. Continental differences in egg burdens of peregrines are discussed relative to BFR usage patterns and exposure of peregrines on their breeding grounds. |
| |
| Keywords: | |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
