Mechanistic insights into nanotoxicity determined by synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared imaging and multivariate analysis |
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| Institution: | 1. Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster, LA1 4YQ, UK;2. Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, WI, USA;1. INRS-EMT, 1650 Boul. Lionel Boulet, Varennes, Canada;2. INFN – U. of Rome “Sapienza”, Italy;3. DiBEST Department, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy;4. INFN, Rende, CS, Italy;1. Afyonkarahisar State Hospital, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey;2. Süleyman Demirel University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Isparta, Turkey;3. Dumlupınar University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kütahya, Turkey;4. TBMM, Ankara, Turkey;5. Fatih Universty, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, İstanbul, Turkey;6. Ankara Education and Research Hospital, Departments of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Ankara, Turkey;1. Dipartimento di Scienze Biologiche Geologiche e Ambientali – University of Catania, Corso Italia 57, 95129 Catania, Italy;2. Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Sezione di Catania, Piazza Roma 2, 95123 Catania, Italy;3. Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra – University of Florence, Via La Pira 4, 50121 Florence, Italy;4. Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche – University of Catania, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95100 Catania, Italy;5. Departament de Geoquímica, Petrologia i Prospecció Geològica – University of Barcellona, Martí i Franquès, 08028 Barcelona, Spain;6. CNR–IMETEM, Stradale Primosole 50, 95121 Catania, Italy;1. Department of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;2. Diagnostic Laboratory Sciences and Technology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;3. Research Center for Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran;4. Department of Biochemistry and Department of Genetics, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran;5. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran;1. Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital–Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan;2. Department of Medical Research & Development, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Chang Bing, Changhua 505, Taiwan;3. Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital–Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | Our ability to identify the mechanisms by which carbon-based nanomaterials (CBNs) exert toxicity in cells is constrained by the lack of standardized methodologies to assay endpoint effects. Herein we describe a method of mechanistically identifying the effects of various CBN types in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells using multi-beam synchrotron radiation-based Fourier-transform infrared imaging (SR-FTIRI) at diffraction-limited resolution. This technique overcomes many of the inherent difficulties of assaying nanotoxicity and demonstrates exceptional sensitivity in identifying the effects of CBNs in cells at environmentally-relevant concentrations. We identify key mechanisms of nanotoxicity as the alteration of Amide and lipid biomolecules, but propose more specific bioactivity of CBNs occurs as a result of specific interactions between CBN structural conformation and cellular characteristics. |
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