Hydroxylated and methoxylated polybrominated diphenyl ethers in blood plasma of humans in Hong Kong |
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| Institution: | 1. Toxicological Centre, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Wilrijk, Belgium;2. Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium;3. Marine Environmental Research Institute, P.O. Box 1652, Blue Hill, ME 04614, USA;1. Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington D.C., USA;2. Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA;3. Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, California Department of Toxic Substances Control, Berkeley, CA, USA;4. Biology Department, Morrill Science Center, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA;5. Program on Reproductive Health and the Environment, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA |
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| Abstract: | Hydroxylated (OH-) and methoxylated (MeO-) polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) are suspected endocrine disruptors. Little is known about the accumulation or sources of these chemicals in tissues of humans, particularly those residing in Hong Kong, which is one of the most densely populated cities in the world. Seven MeO-BDEs, fifteen OH-BDEs and three bromophenols (BRPs) were analyzed in blood plasma of 116 humans that had been collected by the Hong Kong Red Cross. Total concentrations of MeO-BDEs, OH-BDEs and BRPs ranged from 3.8 × 102 to 52 × 103 pg g? 1 lipid (median 4.5 × 103 pg g? 1), 5.3 to 4.9 × 102 pg g? 1 lipid (81 pg g? 1) and ND to 1.1 × 102 pg g? 1 lipid (3.7 pg g? 1), respectively. 3-MeO-BDE-47, 6-OH-BDE-47 and 2, 4, 5-TBP were the predominant MeO-BDEs, OH-BDEs and BRPs, respectively. These results are consistent with accumulation of MeO-BDEs, OH-BDEs and BRPs in human plasma being primarily from natural products and inter-conversion of natural products. Coefficients of determination for some pairs of congeners such as 3-OH-BDE-100 and 6-OH-BDE-47, 6-OH-BDE-85 and 5′-OH-BDE-99, and 2, 4-DBP and 6-OH-BDE-85, were near 1.0, which is consistent with them having common sources. Patterns of relative concentrations of the target analytes were similar in the diet, particularly fish, as in blood plasma of humans, which suggests that the diet and particularly seafood might be a source of these compounds and PBDEs. Furthermore, biotransformation of natural chemicals such as OH-BDEs to BRPs might be the primary route of their elimination from humans. |
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