流域生态补偿政策对受偿地区经济增长的影响研究——以安徽省黄山市为例

利用2012年安徽省黄山市成为生态补偿试点这一事件作为自然实验,运用双重差分的方法(Difference-in-Difference Method)分析实施生态补偿政策对黄山市经济增长的影响。研究发现:实施生态补偿政策使试点城市的人均GDP降低2.93%;且生态补偿政策对人均GDP的降低效果具有滞后效应,降低效果为2.15%。进一步分析表明,产业结构的改变是人均GDP下降的主要原因,体现在第二产业比重下降及第三产业的产值未能弥补试点城市为生态补偿政策付出的机会成本。从政策评估的角度看,生态补偿政策是以牺牲上游地区经济增长为代价的,因此,在环境治理的过程中要注重经济、生态、社会的协调发展。

Effect of Watershed Eco-Compensation Mechanism on Economic Growth in Compensation Area: Take Huangshan City as An Example

Huangshan City, which is located in Anhui Province, China, was selected as the pilot of eco-compensation mechanism in 2012. Difference-in-Difference (DID) method is taken to analyze whether the mechanism offsets the decline on economic, which is caused by ecological protection in Huangshan City. The results show that, ecological protection reduces the per capita GDP in Huangshan City at the level of 2.93%, regardless of the compensation from the government. In addition, the policy reduces the lagged value of per capita GDP at the level of 2.15%. Further studies suggest that, changes in industry structure could explain for the consequence. The proportion of secondary industry has been declining, while the value of tertiary industry fails to make up the opportunity cost that Huangshan City paid for ecological protection. From the perspective of policy evaluation, the implement of watershed ecological protection is at the cost of sacrificing the benefit of the upstream area. Besides, the eco-compensation mechanism could not take effect immediately and completely. Therefore, attention should be paid to the balance of economic, ecological, and society during the development of environmental governance.