清水冲涮对向家坝以下金沙江河床及岸线资源的影响

随着金沙江下游梯级水电开发的蓬勃开展,清水下泄对下游河床及岸线的影响问题逐渐显露。通过实地观测,走访及清水下泄前后政府和民间数据、影像资料等对比分析,探讨问题的根源和避免问题严重化途径,为共抓长江大保护,为修复长江生态环境提供参考依据。结果发现:清水下泄对向家坝水电站坝址以下金沙江段部分河床及岸线资源造成了较为明显的影响。如该江段原来常见的砂滩、砾石滩除杨湾码头仅存一个沙岛外,其余全部消失;无防护设施的河段(如火焰村小岸组、火焰组和新桥组,豆坝村的马槽、娱乐、黄泥、丰收、中心三组,普安镇的13、12、7、5、4、3、2、1组,西郊街道白石社区新村组)受顶冲作用导致一半以上河漫滩地流失甚至引起滩岸坍塌;白家滩大堤一处坝垛根石将被掏蚀殆尽。此外,水富港三期扩能工程因侵占河道和开挖船池,进一步加剧了对四川安边镇小岸坝的不利影响。严重的下蚀侧蚀导致该江段同期水位明显下降,也对岸线两侧的居民生产生活带来安全隐患。相关各方对区域的特殊性及水电站修建造成的影响存在认识不足,各自的发展、利益和环境保护需求之间的矛盾等是问题产生的根本原因,问题出现后又缺少有效的沟通机制等。

Effect of Clear Water Rush on the Riverbed and Shoreline Resources of the Jinsha River Below the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station

With the vigorous development of terraced hydropower in the lower reaches of the Jinsha River, the impact of water discharge on the downstream riverbed and shore line is gradually revealed. This study attempts to use a comparative analysis of government and civil data and image data before and after field observations, visits and water leakage. Explore the root causes of the problem and ways to avoid the seriousness of the problem. In order to provide a reference basis for protecting the Yangtze River and repairing its ecological environment by unite as one. It is found that the discharge of clear water has a more obvious effect on some riverbed and shore resources in the Jinsha River section below the dam site of the Xiangjiaba hydroelectric power station. Such as the river section of the original common sand beach, gravel beach in addition to Yangwan Pier only one sand island, the rest of all disappeared. The top-punch ingressled and caused more than half of the loss of unguarded river floods，and even causes the beach collapse. A dam on the Baijia Beach embankment will be drained. The third phase of the Shuifu Port expansion project has aggravated the adverse effects further on the Xiaoan Bank dam in The town of Anbian, Sichuan Province. Severe undercorrosiation lateral erosion caused a significant drop in the water level of the river during the same period. It also poses a safety hazard to the production and life of the residents on both sides of the shore line. The author thought that the relevant parties have insufficient understanding of the particularity of the region and the impact of the construction of hydropower stations. Contradictions with the development, interests, environmental protection needs is the root cause of the problem. Problems arise and lack effective communication mechanisms.