丝绸之路经济带(境内段)生态脆弱性定量评价研究

丝绸之路经济带(境内段)的生态系统类型多样,生态环境空间异质性显著,对研究区进行生态分区,进而因地制宜地分区构建不同的生态脆弱性评价体系具有重要意义。该研究拟引入分区-整合思想实现丝绸之路经济带(境内段)生态脆弱性的定量评估,利用净初级生产力(NPP)辅助确定不同子生态区的生态脆弱性阈值,进而确保不同子区间生态脆弱性可比性。研究结果表明:(1)考虑到丝绸之路经济带(境内段)生态环境影响因子的时空差异性,研究区可分为干旱荒漠生态区、高寒生态区和湿润半湿润生态区;(2)利用NPP辅助确定不同子生态区的脆弱性阈值,保证了不同子生态区生态脆弱性在空间上的连续表达,有助于分析整个研究区内生态脆弱性空间分布格局;(3)丝绸之路经济带(境内段)不同等级生态脆弱性空间分布格局差异显著,其中轻度脆弱区分布最广,主要分布于黄淮海平原、秦岭地区以及三江源地区,而极度脆弱区则分布面积最小,主要集中于柴达木盆地、准格尔盆地及吐鲁番盆地;(4)不同子生态区主导生态环境问题差异明显,其中干旱荒漠生态区主要受沙漠化、盐渍化、风力侵蚀、气象灾害及人类活动影响,高寒生态区则受盐渍化、冻融侵蚀、风力侵蚀、过度放牧等因素影响显著,湿润半湿润生态区则主要受水土流失、干旱、洪水、暴雨、沙尘暴和人类活动的影响,需因地制宜地采取恰当的环境保护及治理措施。相关研究结果能够为实现"一带一路"的伟大战略提供本底生态环境数据支撑和决策支持。

Quantitative Assessment of Ecological Vulnerability of the Silk Road Economic Belt,China Based on the Partition-integration Concept

The various patterns of spatial heterogeneity in the eco-environment of the Silk Road Economic Belt of China differ greatly. In this study, a partition-integration concept was introduced to assess the ecological vulnerability of the Silk Road Economic Belt in China. To confirm the comparability of ecological vulnerability among different sub-regions, the net primary productivity (NPP) was utilized to determine the ecological vulnerability thresholds for different sub-regions. The results indicated that: (1) Fully considering the spatial-temporal patterns of the influence factors, the study region could be divided into three sub-regions: Arid Desert Ecological Region, Alpine Ecological Region and Humid and Semi-humid Ecological Regions. The new assessment method of ecological vulnerability based on the partition-integration concept was strongly operational and practical for the study region; (2) NPP with clear ecological significance was conducive to the continuous expression of ecological vulnerability, which can ensure better comparison and analysis of ecological vulnerability over the whole study region; (3) the spatial patterns of zones at different vulnerability levels differed greatly. The mild vulnerability zone was the most widely distributed, whereas the zone of slight vulnerability covered the smallest area. (4) Specific environmental protection and treatment measures should be conducted in the three sub-regions with different dominant ecological problems. The eco-environment of Arid Desert Ecological Region was mainly affected by desertification, soil salinization, wind erosion, extreme climate disasters and human activities while the Alpine Ecological Region was significantly influenced by soil salinization, freeze-thaw erosion, wind erosion and overgrazing. Meanwhile, the factors, such as water and soil loss, drought, floods, rainstorms, sandstorms and human activities played an dominate role in Humid and Semi-humid Ecological Region. These results can provide decision-making support in realizing the great strategy of the “one belt and one road” idea.