野生动物冲突中个体特征、事件严重性及救援效果对心理创伤的影响研究

随着党的十九大提出加大生态系统保护力度，构建生态廊道和生物多样性保护网络，我国野生动物种群数量不断增加，野生动物冲突的频次和范围逐渐增大。野生动物冲突带来的心理创伤已成为影响人与野生动物和谐相处的重要难题。在心理创伤相关理论基础上，运用交叉分析、因子分析、次序logistic回归模型分析了野生动物冲突事件受害个体心理创伤的影响因素，得到如下结论：(1)野生动物冲突事件中女性、老年人、受教育程度低、健康状况差、经济实力弱的个体更容易发生心理创伤；(2)随着受害者经济实力的提高，野生动物冲突的心理创伤程度显著降低；(3)野生动物冲突事件越严重，其造成的心理创伤程度显著增加；(4)野生动物冲突救援补偿措施效果越好，越能缓解受害者的心理创伤。最后借此提出：(1)对重点对象进行灾后心理干预；(2)增强受灾者的经济实力；(3)建立野生动物冲突预防和应急管理机制；(4)完善野生动物冲突补偿措施等政策建议。

A Study on the Impact of Individual Characteristics,Event Severity and Rescue Effect on Psychological Trauma in Wildlife Conflict

With the Nineteenth National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposing to strengthen the protection of ecosystems , build ecological corridors and biodiversity protection network, the number of wildlife populations and frequency of human-wildlife conflict (HWC) increases, which brings psychological trauma.Thus, psychological trauma has become an important problem of building the harmonious relationship between human and wildlife. Based on the related theories of psychological trauma, Cross-analysis, factor analysis and ordered logistic regression model were used to analyze the influencing factors of psychological trauma. The following conclusions were drawn:(1)Women, elderly people, people with low education, poor health and weak economic status are more likely to occur psychological trauma in HWC;(2)With the improvement of economic status, the degree of psychological trauma is significantly reduced;(3)The more serious wildlife conflict is, the higher psychological trauma will be;(4)The more effective rescue compensation measures are, the lower level of psychological trauma will be. Some suggestions were proposed eventually, such as psychological intervention, strengthening the economic status, establishing the mechanism of HWC prevention emergency system and improving the compensation management.