原位生物修复提高多环芳烃污染土壤农用安全性

为了减少多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,PAHs)在作物体内的富集,降低食源性PAHs对人类的潜在风险,提高PAHs污染土壤的农用安全性,在受到PAHs污染的麦田中施用类球红细菌(Rhodobacter sphaeroide)菌剂(RS)进行原位修复.以叶面喷施(B)和根部喷施(D)50倍稀释的RS两种方式处理,以喷施等量清水的处理为对照(A),不做任何处理的麦田为空白(CK),从小麦苗期开始处理,到小麦成熟期测定了土壤和小麦籽粒中PAHs含量以及根际土壤微生物群落结构的变化,探讨了施用RS对PAHs污染土壤的强化修复作用.结果表明,施加RS的B区、D区与空白(CK)区相比,标识土壤微生物的磷脂脂肪酸(PLFAs)种类均有29.6%变异率;土壤PAHs的去除率分别提高了1.59倍和1.68倍;富集因子分别降低了58.9%和62.2%;50穗小麦籽粒的干重分别提高了8.95%和12.5%.RS的施用改变了土壤微生物群落结构,活化了土壤微生物的代谢活性,从而加快了土壤PAHs的降解;同时,RS的施用也降低了PAHs在小麦籽粒的富集量,提高了小麦的产量,显示出RS在提高PAHs污染土壤的农用安全性方面具有应用潜力.

Improving Agricultural Safety of Soils Contaminated with Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by In Situ Bioremediation

In order to reduce the risk of enrichment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in crops, reduce the potential hazards of food-sourced PAHs to human and increase the agricultural safety of PAHs contaminated soils, the bio-augmented removal of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was investigated through in situ remediation by introducing Rhodobacter sphaeroides (RS) into the agricultural soil contaminated by PAHs. The 50-times diluted RS was sprayed on leaf surface (in area B) or irrigated to roots (in area D). The treatment of spraying water of the equal amount was taken as the control (A) and the wheat field without any treatment as the blank (CK). Treatments were conducted since wheat seeding. Soil and wheat samples were collected in the mature period to analyze the changes of community structure of the soil microorganisms and the concentration of PAHs in soils and investigate the strengthening and restoration effects of RS on PAHs contaminated soils. Compared to the CK area, the areas B and D revealed that the variation ratio of phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs) that were the biomarker of soil microorganisms was 29.6%, and the ratio of total PAHs removed was increased 1.59 times and 1.68 times, respectively. The dry weight of wheat grain of 50 spikes was increased by 8.95% and 12.5%, respectively, and the enrichment factor of total PAHs was decreased by 58.9% and 62.2% respectively in the wheat grains. All the results suggested that RS reduced enrichment of PAHs in wheat grains and increased wheat yield, which had great exploitation and utilization potentiality in repairing and improving the agricultural safety of the soils contaminated with PHAs.