基于格子气模型的宿舍火灾人群疏散研究

为在宿舍发生火灾时给疏散人员提供最优的人群疏散方案,提高抢险救灾能力,将疏散过程分为两个阶段--学生发现火灾离开宿舍向走廊疏散,再由走廊向两端的出口疏散.综合考虑社会力因素,将优势方向权重算法与偏向随机行走格子气模型结合建模,对宿舍不同人数进行模拟,并通过Anylogic进行仿真计算.结果表明,格子气模型和优势方向权重算法能够真实模拟宿舍火灾疏散场景.

Lattice gas model for simulating pedestrian evacuation in the dormitory fire

The paper has been engaged in finding an emergency evacuation model so as to provide the rescuing decision-makers with the optimal evacuation version in case of dormitory fire calamity. For this purpose, we have divided evacuation process into two stages, that is, first of all, the evacuating students come to the corridor hoping nobody occupying the door, and then they were supposed to run up to the two exits at the two ends of the corridor. In such emergency cases, the evacuation process is expected to take into account the factors of social force model, from which we have established our own so-called lattice gas model. According to our model, it is necessary to take into account the four kinds of social force: people around the pedestrians, the obstacles involved with the evacuation, the place of fire source and the likely exits, all of which makes up the weight of dominant directions that the author believes the lattice gas model can smartly simulate both the students' action and their innermost thoughts and feelings in actual conflagration and finally help the maximal number of evacuating students per dormitory to run out safely and securely. Based on the dormitory fire inferences both objective and subjective, the author has worked out the four likely-to-be-taken directions, in which the escapees can get the maximal probability of evacuation direction. The results of the trial use of our simulation model indicate that the weight of dominant direction algorithm and biased random walk lattice gas model proves to be effective.