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Quantifying nonuse and indirect economic benefits of impingement & entrainment reductions at U.S. power plants
Institution:1. Noto Marine Laboratory, Institute of Nature and Environmental Technology, Kanazawa University, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan;2. Division of Molecular Genetics Research, Life Science Research Center, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;3. Department of Radiological Sciences, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japan;4. Graduate School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Marine Science and Technology, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108-8477, Japan;5. Institute of Noto SATOUMI Education and Studies, Housu-gun, Ishikawa 927-0553, Japan;6. College of Aquaculture and Fisheries, Can Tho University, Can Tho City, Vietnam;7. Department of Zoology, D.D.U. Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur 273-009, India;8. Department of Medical Hygiene, Kochi Gakuen College, Kochi 780-0955, Japan;9. Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Ichikawa, Chiba, 272-0827, Japan;2. Ghent University, BIOMATH – Department of data analysis and mathematical modelling, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Gent, BE;1. ART-Dev, Centre de Coopération International en Recherche Agronomique pour le développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, TA C-113 / 15 - 73 rue Jean-François Breton, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;2. Laboratoire Montpellieren d''économie Théorique et Appliquée (LAMETA), Montpellier SupAgro, CNRS, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Université de Montpellier 3, Montpellier, 2 place Pierre Viala, 34060 Montpellier, France;3. Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche, Agronomique pour le Développement (CIRAD), Montpellier, TA C-105 / D - Campus international de Baillarguet, 34398 Montpellier Cedex 5, France;4. UMR Territoires, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l''environnement et l''agriculture (IRSTEA), 9 avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178 Aubière, France
Abstract:Monetizing ecological benefits of reducing impingement and entrainment (I&E) at cooling water intake structures presents both ecological and economic challenges. Ecological challenges arise because it is difficult to demonstrate and measure these impacts. Economic challenges arise because of these ecological uncertainties and because many of the potentially affected ecosystem services cannot be valued using traditional methods. Under a recently promulgated U.S. regulation certain power generation and industrial water permit applicants may be required to monetize these “nonuse” benefits. However, stated preference (SP) surveys, the only method available for valuing nonuse services have not seen acceptance by mainstream economists. This paper describes an approach to valuation that incorporates the ecological service function approach advocated by the USEPA Science Advisory Board to characterize impacts. Data and models are used to quantify, to the extent possible, direct and indirect impacts of I&E on ecosystem services. Nonuse values are then estimated by an SP survey that measures respondents’ willingness to pay for reducing I&E. Methods are proposed for calibrating and validating results including identifying the source of nonuse values from commonly ascribed motivations (i.e. existence, bequest, altruistic), considering the role of pre-survey awareness of impacts, and evaluating results in the context of respondent willingness to pay for other nonuse benefits.
Keywords:Clean Water Act  316(b)  Benefits analysis  Ecosystem services  Nonuse values
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