A policy review of synergies and trade-offs in South African climate change mitigation and air pollution control strategies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Johannes Kepler University, Linz, Austria;2. Energy Institute, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town, South Africa;3. Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA;4. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Laxenburg, Austria;1. ESMIA Consultants, Blainville, Quebec, Canada;2. GERAD and Department of Decision Sciences, HEC Montréal, 3000 chemin de la Côte-Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Quebec H3T 2A7, Canada;3. SCMS Global, Toronto, Ontario, Canada;1. Environment Department, University of York, Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, United Kingdom;2. Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Dzięgielowa 27, 61-680 Poznań, Poland;3. Department of Geography, Durham University, Science Laboratories, South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, United Kingdom;1. United Nations University, Institute for the Advanced Study of Sustainability, Tokyo, Japan;2. National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan;3. COPPEAD/UFRJ – Instituto COPPEAD de Administração, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;4. Fundação Getulio Vargas (FGV), São Paulo School of Business Administration (FGV/EAESP) and Brazilian School of Public and Business Administration (FGV/EBAPE), Brazil;5. MIT-UTM Malaysia Sustainable Cities Program, Malaysia;1. Key Lab of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China;2. College of Geography and Environmental Science, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou 730070, China;3. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China |
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| Abstract: | Climate change mitigation and air quality management are mostly addressed separately in South African legal acts and policies. This approach is not always coherent, especially in the context of other serious issues South Africa is facing, such as poverty alleviation. Policies implemented to mitigate climate change might increase negative health affects due to unanticipated outcomes (e.g. increased local air pollution), and these indirect consequences must therefore be taken into account when devising mitigation strategies. However, greenhouse gas mitigation policies can also have co-benefits and positive impacts on local air pollution. An evidence-based approach that takes into account greenhouse gas emissions, ambient air pollutants, economic factors (affordability, cost optimisation), social factors (poverty alleviations, public health benefits), and political acceptability is needed tackle these challenges. A proposal is made that use of an integrated climate/air pollution techno-economic optimising model, such as the Greenhouse Gas and Air Pollution Synergies (GAINS) model, may provide a rational decision support tool to guide policy makers into effective strategies for combined Climate Change and Air Quality mitigation measures. |
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| Keywords: | Climate change Air pollution Contradicting policies Co-benefits GAINS South Africa |
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