Small cetacean bycatch as estimated from stranding schemes: The common dolphin case in the northeast Atlantic |
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| Institution: | 1. Observatoire PELAGIS, UMS 3462- Université de La Rochelle-CNRS, 5 allées de l’océan, 17000 La Rochelle, France;2. Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent’s Park, NW1 4RY London, United Kingdom;3. Météo-France, DirOP/MAR, 42 avenue Coriolis, 31057, Toulouse, Cedex, France;4. Centre d’Etudes Biologiques de Chizé-La Rochelle, UMR 7372- Université de La Rochelle-CNRS, 2, rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France;1. Irish Sea Fisheries Board (BIM), New Docks, Galway, Ireland;2. MaREI Centre, Environmental Research Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland;3. Marine Institute (MI), Oranmore, Galway, Ireland;1. College of Ocean, Shandong University at Weihai, Weihai, Shandong, China;2. Simon F. S. Li Marine Science Laboratory, School of Life Science, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shantin, Hong Kong SAR, China;3. Peruvian Centre for Cetacean Research (CEPEC), Centro Peruano de Estudios Cetológicos, Lima 20, Peru;1. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Instituto de Ciências da Sociedade e Desenvolvimento Regional, Departamento de Geografia de Campos, Rua José do Patrocínio, 71, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28010-385, Brazil;2. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Campus Universitário, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, 88040-970, Brazil;3. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comportamento e Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Zoologia, Campus Universitário, s/n°, Martelos, Juiz de Fora, MG, 36036-900, Brazil;4. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Recursos Naturais, Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense, Laboratório de Ciências Ambientais. Av. Alberto Lamego, 2.000, Campos dos Goytacazes, RJ, 28013-602, Brazil;1. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Enterprise Centre, Distillery Fields, North Mall, Cork, Ireland;2. Marine Institute, Rinville, Oranmore, Co. Galway, Ireland;1. Observatoire PELAGIS, UMS 3462 CNRS – Université de la Rochelle, 5 allées de l’océan, 17000 La Rochelle, France;2. Agence des aires marines protégées, 44 bis quai de la douane, 29229 Brest cedex 2, France;3. EcoOcéan Institut, 18 rue des Hospices, 34090 Montpellier, France;4. Centre d’Etude Biologique de Chizé, UMR 7273 - CNRS - Université de La Rochelle, 2 rue Olympe de Gouges, 17000 La Rochelle, France;1. Queensland Department of Environment and Heritage Protection, GPO Box 2454, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia;2. Queensland Department of Agriculture and Fisheries, GPO Box 267, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia |
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| Abstract: | Death in fishing gear of non-target species (called ‘bycatch’) is a major concern for marine wildlife, and mostly worrying for long-lived species like cetaceans, considering their demographic characteristics (slow population growth rates and low fecundity). In European waters, cetaceans are highly impacted by this phenomenon. Under the Common Fishery Policy, the EC 812/2004 regulation constitutes a legal frame for bycatch monitoring on 5–10% of fishing vessels >15 m. The aim of this work was to compare parameters and bycatch estimates of common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) provided by observer programmes in France and UK national reports and those inferred from stranding data, through two approaches. Bycatch was estimated from stranding data, first by correcting effectives from drift conditions (using a drift prediction model) and then by estimating the probability of being buoyant. Observer programmes on fishing vessels allowed us to identify the specificity of the interaction between common dolphins and fishing gear, and provided low estimates of annual bycaught animals (around 550 animals year?1). However, observer programmes are hindered by logistical and administrative constraints, and the sampling scheme seems to be poorly designed for the detection of marine mammal bycatches. The analyses of strandings by considering drift conditions highlighted areas with high levels of interactions between common dolphins and fisheries. Since 1997, the highest densities of bycaught dolphins at sea were located in the southern part of the continental shelf and slope of the Bay of Biscay. Bycatch numbers inferred from strandings suggested very high levels, ranging from 3650 dolphins year?1 2250–7000] to 4700 3850–5750] dolphins year?1, depending on methodological choices. The main advantage of stranding data is its large spatial scale, cutting across administrative boundaries. Diverging estimates between observer programmes and stranding interpretation can set very different management consequences: observer programmes suggest a sustainable situation for common dolphins, whereas estimates based on strandings highlight a very worrying and unsustainable process. |
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| Keywords: | Bycatch Drift modelling Common dolphins Observer programmes CE 812/2004 regulation Marine strategy framework directive |
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