Institutional networks and adaptive water governance in the Klamath River Basin,USA |
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| Institution: | 1. College of Forestry & Conservation, University of Montana, 32 Campus Drive, Missoula, MT 59812, USA;2. National Risk Management Research Laboratory, United States Environmental Protection Agency, 26 West Martin Luther King Jr. Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45268, USA;3. College of Earth, Ocean & Atmospheric Sciences, Oregon State University, 104 CEOAS Administration Building, Corvallis, OR 97331-5503, USA;4. S.J. Quinney College of Law, University of Utah, 380 South University Street, Salt Lake City, UT 84112-0730, USA;1. Department of Justice Studies and Sociology and Social Studies, University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada;2. Governance and Inclusive Development (GID), Amsterdam Institute for Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands;3. Institute of Human, Social and Environmental Sciences, National Council of Scientific and Technical Research, Scientific Technology Center, Mendoza, Argentina;1. Institute of Social Sciences in Agriculture, University of Hohenheim, Germany;2. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Müncheberg, Germany;3. Agricultural Extension and Education Institute, Tarbiat Modares University, Iran;4. Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Iran;1. University of Washington Tacoma, School of Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, United States;2. Colby College Environmental Studies Program, United States;3. The Ohio State University, School of Environment and Natural Resources, United States;1. Applied Systems Thinking in Practice Research Group, Engineering & Innovation Department, The Open University, UK;2. Systemic Governance Research Program, Monash Sustainability Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia;1. University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, B.C. V2N 4Z9, Canada;2. Earth & Environmental Sciences and Geography, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, B.C. V1V 1V7, Canada;3. Climate Research Division, Environment Canada, 401 Burrard St., Vancouver, B.C. V6C 3S5, Canada |
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| Abstract: | Polycentric networks of formal organizations and informal stakeholder groups, as opposed to centralized institutional hierarchies, can be critically important for strengthening the capacity of governance systems to adapt to unexpected social and biophysical change. Adaptive governance is one type of environmental governance characterized by the emergence of networks that stimulate adaptive capacity through increases in social-learning, communication, trust, public participation and adaptive management. However, detecting and analyzing adaptive governance networks remains elusive, especially given contexts of highly contested resource governance such as large-scale negotiations over water use. Research methods such as social network analysis (SNA) are often infeasible as they necessitate collecting in-depth and politically sensitive personal data from a near-complete set of actors or organizations in a network. Here we present a method for resolving this problem by describing the results of an institutional SNA aimed at characterizing the changing governance network in the Klamath River Basin, USA during a period of contested negotiations over water. Through this research, we forward a method of institutional SNA useful when an individual or egocentric approach to SNA is problematic for political, logistical or financial reasons. We focus our analysis on publically available data signaling changes in formal relationships (statutory, regulatory, contractual) between organizations and stakeholder groups. We find that employing this type of SNA is useful for describing potential and actual transitions in governance that yield increases in adaptive capacity to respond to social and biophysical surprises such as increasing water scarcity and changes in water distribution. |
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| Keywords: | Adaptive governance Social network analysis (SNA) Klamath River Basin Water governance Institutional analysis |
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