安全管理堵与疏(1)——安全管理的经济分析

在安全管理越来越得到重视的今天，安全责任追究力度越来越大，政府和官员对安全管理更多倾向于采取自我保护式的高压和严惩。这种管理模式在各方利益主体的博弈下，使得安全管理的目标与结果产生变异，甚至会产生不愿看到的结果。事实上安全管理制度运行的成本是巨大的，单靠严惩是不能解决问题的。本文运用博弈理论、新制度经济学、信息经济学、机制设计理论等经济学方法，对安全管理的运行机制进行分析，认为安全管理必须理性预防，堵疏结合，通过设计符合客观规律的安全管理运行机制，方能确保安全生产。

Blocking or dredging——economic analysis of safety management

Today the more important the safety management becomes, the greater the investigating intensity of responsibility of safety production is. It has made the government and the officials implement high pressure of self- protection and harsh punishment. The result of implementation of this management model under the game of all stuckholelers will lead to the variation of the good from the result of safety management, and could even cause unexpected outcome. In fact, the cost of carrying on the safety management is huge, so the punishment itself cannot solve the problem. In this article some theories are applied, such as, Game Theory new institutional economics. Information Economics , design theory for mechanism, and analyze the operative mechanism of safety management. To ensure the safety of production, the rational prevention and the combination of blocking and dredging are both necessary, and an operative mechansim according with the objective laws must be designed for safety managemnt.