Monitoring of glyphosate and AMPA in soil samples from two olive cultivation areas in Greece: aspects related to spray operators activities |
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| Authors: | Evangelos Karanasios Helen Karasali Anna Marousopoulou Antigoni Akrivou Emilia Markellou |
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| Affiliation: | 1.Department of Pesticides Control and Phytopharmacy,Benaki Phytopathological Institute,Kifissia,Greece;2.Department of Phytopathology,Benaki Phytopathological Institute,Kifissia,Greece |
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| Abstract: | The persistence of glyphosate and its primary metabolite AMPA (aminomethylphosphonic acid) was monitored in two areas in Southern Greece (Peza, Crete and Chora Trifilias, Peloponnese) with a known history of glyphosate use, and the levels of residues were linked to spray operators’ activities in the respective areas. A total of 170 samples were collected and analysed from both areas during a 3-year monitoring study. A new method (Impact Assessment Procedure - IAP) designed to assess potential impacts to the environment caused by growers’ activities, was utilised in the explanation of the results. The level of residues was compared to the predicted environmental concentrations in soil. The ratio of the measured concentrations to the predicted environmental concentrations (MCs/PECs) was >?1 in Chora the first 2 years of sampling and
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