河流及污水处理厂全氟化合物排放估算

为了解全氟化合物（PFCs）的环境排放强度，利用通量计算的方法，综合国内现有PFCs监测数据，对我国部分主要流域的河流水体和部分主要城市的污水处理厂PFCs排放通量进行了估算研究.环渤海北部沿海区域主要河流水体中全氟辛烷磺酸（PFOS）和全氟辛酸（PFOA）排放总通量分别为122 kg/a和216 kg/a，其中大辽河和大凌河分别为该区域PFOS和PFOA排放的主要河流.珠江和长江是中国PFOS排放的主要河流，PFOS排放通量分别为4.47×10³ kg/a和807 kg/a.长江和黄浦江为中国PFOA排放的主要河流，PFOA排放通量分别为3.92×10⁴ kg/a和1.60×10⁴ kg/a.天津市和北京市污水处理厂人均PFOS排放量分别为291 μg·（a·人）^-1和221 μg·（a·人）^-1，远低于瑞士和美国污水处理厂的人均PFOS排放量.城市污泥PFCs排放量较高区域多集中在PFCs相关生产厂家集中省份的工业较发达城市.研究结果可为进一步进行污染源识别以及控制和减少PFCs污染和排放提供科学依据.

Estimation of Perfluorinated Compounds Emissions from Major Rivers and Wastewater Treatment Plants in China

In order to estimate the environmental emissions of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs), mass calculation method and monitoring data available were used to estimate the mass discharges of PFCs from some major rivers and several wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) in several cities in China. Total river mass discharges of perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in main rivers from coastal regions of the North Bohai Sea (NBS)were 122 kg/a and 216 kg/a, respectively, and the Daliao River and Dalin River contributed mostly to the total discharge of PFOS and PFOA in this area. Highest level of PFOS discharges were found in the Pearl River Delta and Yangze River, which were 4.47 x 10(3) kg/a and 807 kg/a respectively. The highest level of PFOA discharges were found in Yangze River and Huangpu River, which were 3.92 x 10(4) kg/a and 1.60 x 10(4) kg/a respectively. The per capita discharge of PFOS from WWTP in Beijing and Tianjin were 291 microg/(a x person) and 221 microg/(a x person), respectively, much less than the average per capita discharge of PFOS from WWTP in Switzerland and the USA. Relatively greater sewage sludge PFCs emissions were concentrated in industrialized cities where PFCs related industries were located. The results can be used for the identification of sources and emission control of PFCs in the future.