食物损失和浪费研究综述及展望

近年来食物损失和浪费及其资源环境问题越来越成为全球关注的焦点,而减少食物损失和浪费也成为保障食物安全的另一条重要途径.论文结合国内外大量文献资料,综述了目前食物损失和浪费研究进展.结果显示,食物损失和浪费研究在国际上仍没有形成统一的方法论基础,研究工作仍有待进一步加强.首先,食物损失和浪费研究在全球尺度从概念界定、研究环节到研究方法尚缺乏统一的标准,不同研究结果之间难以比较;其次,经济欠发达国家和地区以及处于经济快速转型国家研究相对不足,主要集中在20 世纪70-80 年代,尤其是针对产后环节的损失研究较少,有必要进一步加强以上国家和地区的案例研究;再次,加强消费行为研究,通过改变消费者的行为来减少食物浪费,从而为政策制定者提供有效的干预手段,也是亟待加强的重要方面.在此基础上,研究展望了未来加强食物损失和浪费研究的重要性,以期综合不同途径来减少食物损失和浪费.

Review of Food Loss and Waste Research and Its Prospects

There is growing global concern over food loss and waste and its impacts on resources and environmental issues, and curbing food loss and food waste is becoming another way to ensure food security. However, knowledge of food loss and waste is entirely inadequate worldwide. Here, based on a great amount of literatures and documents at home and abroad, we gave a whole review of research progress on food loss and waste on global scale and found that there is still a long way to go to reduce food loss and waste globally, however, there has been considerable researches. Firstly, it was lack of standardized theoretical framework that includes the definition of food loss and food waste, the demarcation of study segments and the research methods, which caused the difficulty to compare the previous findings. Secondly, there were few researches focusing on economic underdeveloped countries and regions, and the researches about countries in economic transformation mainly concentrated in the 70-80s of the 20th century, so there were less researches about current situation of these countries, especially food loss in postharvest segments. So it was urgent to strengthen case studies of the countries and regions above. Thirdly, reducing food waste by changing consumer behavior was also an important aspect to be strengthened, which can provide policy makers with effective interventions to curbing food waste in consumer segments. In the end, this research gave a prospect that the reduce of food loss and waste will be of great importance in the future and called for cutting down food loss and waste by different ways.