关于我国减灾方针和管理体制的讨论

本文在考察减轻自然灾害历史的基础上,指出我国减灾工作经历的经验性减灾阶段长达几千年,至本世纪60至70年代.才逐步发展到了今天的半经验半理论减灾阶段.今后的发展是向系统工程理论指导下的综合减灾过渡.适应这种发展,需要把二、三十年前形成的“以预防为主,防、抗、救相结合”的减灾方针,适时调整为“以预防为主、防救结合、综合减灾”的新方针.在肯定我国四十多年来逐步形成和发展的纵向分散(部门型)减灾管理体制,主要依靠社会主义制度的优越性和党的领导取得巨大减灾成就的同时,提出必须改革现有减灾管理体制.制定国家综合减灾大法,以适应社会主义经济及社会发展对减灾工作的需求.

DISCUSSION ON THE NATURAL DISASTER REDUCTION POLICY AND MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN CHINA

It is advaneed in this paper that the empirical natural disaster reduction period in China lasted for as long as several thouthand years from Xia Dynasty in Chinese Chronology to the 60th and 70th decades of this century on the basis of historical investigation on natural disas- ter reduction.After that time,it got into step by step the today's scmicmpirical- semitheorctical disaster reduction period.The following development will be the transition fowarding to an integrated disaster reduction under the theory of system engineering.In order to suit this development the China Government will have to adjust the disaster reduction poli- cy of"putting prevention first and combining protection,fight and relief"that was formed 20 or 30 years ago to the new policy of"putting prevention first,combining protection and relief, and integrated disaster reduction". In this paper comparison was made between the international,external and internal management system of disaster reduction affairs to draw conclulions that the disaster reduc- tion management system which is progrcssivclly formed and developed during over 40 years and characterized by department scattering and verical has achieved considerable success in the disaster reduction depending mainly on the superiship of the socialist system and the lead- ership of the Communist Patry of China.A suggestion was made that the reform of existing management system of disaster reduction and the drawing up a national great law of disaster reduction are needed to meet the requirement of disaster reduction works from the further development of socialism economy and society in China.