水环境中氯丙嗪污染对鲫鱼和大型蚤的急性毒性效应

氯丙嗪作为一种镇静类兽药被广泛使用,已成为水环境中的一种新型污染物.为检验氯丙嗪对水生生物的生态毒性效应,采用实验室模拟的方法,研究了工业原料药盐酸氯丙嗪对鲫鱼(Carassius auratus)和大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的急性毒性效应.结果表明:氯丙嗪对两种水生生物的毒性效应(致死率、抑制率概率单位)均与其浓度呈显著线性正相关关系(p<0.05),且毒性强度随作用时间的延长而增加;氯丙嗪对鲫鱼的24、48和96h的半致死浓度(LC50)值分别为1.11、0.43和0.32mg·L-1,通过计算求得氯丙嗪对鲫鱼的安全浓度为19.5μg·L-1;氯丙嗪对大型蚤的24h LC50值为0.65mg·L-1,24h EC50值(使50%受试大型蚤活动受抑浓度)为0.57mg·L-1;48h LC50值为0.36mg·L-1,48h EC50值为0.28mg·L-1;对鲫鱼和大型蚤而言,氯丙嗪属极高毒性物质,大型蚤对氯丙嗪的敏感性大于鲫鱼。

Acute Toxic Effects of Chlorpromazine in Aquatic Environment on Carassius auratus and Daphnia magna

As an important ataractic veterinary medicine which is widely used, chlorpromazine has been recognized as an emerging pollutant in aquatic environment. Acute toxic effects of chlorpromazine on Carassius auratus and Daphnia magna Straus were investigated under the condition of laboratory simulation using the toxic experiment, in order to examine the toxic effects of chlorpromazine on aquatic organisms. Results showed that there were significantly positive linear correlations between the toxic effects(probits of mortality and inhibition rate) of chlorpromazine on the two aquatic organisms and the concentrations of chlorpromazine, and the toxic intensity became higher as the exposure time increased. The LC50 values of chlorpromazine acting on Carassius auratus in 24, 48 and 96h were 1.11, 0.43 and 0.32mg·L-1, respectively; and its safe concentration for Carassius auratus was 19.5μg·L-1. The LC50 and EC50 (50% of the tested Daphnia magna inhibited) values of chlorpromazine acting on Daphnia magna in 24h were 0.65 and 0.57mg·L-1, and the LC50 and EC50 values in 48h were 0.36 and 0.28mg·L-1, respectively. Thus, chlorpromazine have high toxicity to Carassius auratus and Daphnia magna, and the latter is more sensitive to chlorpromazine.