不同基质条件下厌氧氨氧化SMBBR启动特性研究

通过接种某城市污水处理厂好氧池生物膜，采用NH₄⁺-N+NO₂^--N （SMBBR-1）和NH₄⁺-N+NO₃^--N+HAc （SMBBR-2）两种进水基质启动厌氧氨氧化序批式移动床生物膜反应器（Sequencing Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor，SMBBR），研究不同基质条件下反应器的启动特性.结果表明，两反应器在运行100 d后均成功启动并稳定运行，在进水负荷分别为0.83和0.32 kg·m^-3·d^-1（以N计）的条件下，氮去除率分别达到81.82%±1.20%和66.35%±4.79%.活性测定结果显示，SMBBR-1和SMBBR-2中Anammox活性分别达到6448.32和1980.32 mg·m^-2·d^-1，表明Anammox菌被成功富集.高通量结果显示，SMBBR-1和SMBBR-2中启动成功后的Anammox菌由Ca.Brocadia和Ca.Jettenia组成，其中，Ca.Brocadia占比分别为11.02%和7.57%，Ca.Jettenia占比分别为2.07%和0.56%.除Anammox菌外，SMBBR-2中还包括Thauera（2.84%）和Flavobacterium菌（0.66%），其为部分反硝化菌的主导菌属.本研究表明，虽然两种不同基质的启动办法各有利弊，但其均能实现厌氧氨氧化SMBBR的启动，可为主流系统内的Anammox菌快速富集培养提供技术支撑.

Anammox SMBBR fast start-up with different substrates

To investigate the characteristics of anammox enrichment with different substrates, two SMBBRs with aerobic biofilm taken from municipal wastewater treatment were established. One was fed with ammonium and nitrite (SMBBR-1), the other was fed with ammonium,nitrate and acetic acid (SMBBR-2). The long-term operation results showed 81.82%±1.20% and 66.35%±4.79% of nitrogen removal efficiencies were stably obtained under the nitrogen loading rate (NLR) of 0.83 and 0.32 kg·m^-3·d^-1 for SMBBR-1 and SMBBR-2 after 100 days'' operation. The anammox activities of SMBBR-1 and SMBBR-2 could reach 6448.32 and 1980.32 mg·m^-2·d^-1, respectively, which suggested that anammox bacteria were successfully enriched in two SMBBRs. The high-throughput sequencing results revealed Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Jettenia were the predominance for anammox bacteria in SMBBR-1 and SMBBR-2. The relative abundance of Ca. Brocadia were 11.02% and 7.57%, and the abundance of Ca. Jettenia were 2.07% and 0.56%, respectively. The Thauera and Flavobacterium were also detected with relative abundance of 2.84% and 0.66% in SMBBR-2, which were the dominated species of partial denitrifying bacteria. This study showed that enrichment methods with different substrates for anammox SMBBR start-up had the advantages and disadvantages. However, these two substrates strategies could be used for reactor establishment and provided support for anammox enrichment in mainstream.