地理特征、人口分布及用电负荷对深圳城市热岛效应的影响分析

利用自动站气温资料计算了深圳市的城市热岛强度,并分析了海陆分布、人口密度、道路占地面积百分比及用电负荷等因素对深圳城市热岛效应的影响.结果表明,海陆分布是决定深圳城市热岛强度空间分布格局的主要因子,深圳东西两侧海洋的气候调节作用使得热岛强度相对较低,而中部地区南临香港陆地,海洋调节作用较弱,使得这部分地区成为深圳城市热岛的中心.人口密度和道路占地面积百分比对深圳城市热岛强度空间分布格局均有影响,它们与城市热岛强度之间的相关性显著（p〈0.01）,但道路占地百分比最密集的地区,城市热岛强度值却并不高,这可能与该区域较大的年平均风速有关.对2011年和2010年的数据进行对比分析,发现电力负荷对深圳城市热岛强度有着非常明显的影响,2011年深圳年平均城市热岛强度的增加,极有可能是由于2011年冬季更冷夏季更热导致用电负荷增加而造成的.

Impacts of geographic feature, population distribution and power load on the urban heat island in Shenzhen metropolis

Based on air the temperature data collected from automatic weather stations, the urban heat island (UHI) intensity in Shenzhen metropolis is calculated and the impacts of several factors, including land-sea distribution, population density, road cover area and power load, on the UHI intensity are analyzed. The analysis shows that the land-sea distribution is the dominant factor for the UHI distribution in Shenzhen, and the climate-adjusting effect of the sea obviously reduces the UHI intensity in the east and west parts of Shenzhen. The middle part of Shenzhen is adjacent to Hong Kong and the climate-adjusting effect of the sea is weak, which leads to a high UHI intensity in this area. The population density and road cover area have impacts on the UHI in Shenzhen, and the determination coefficients between the UHI intensity and the two factors can pass the significance test at the level of 0.01. However, in the area with the densest roads, the UHI intensity is not high, which may be related to the high yearly-average wind speed in this area. The comparison between the data in 2011 and 2010 shows that the impact of the power load on the UHI intensity in Shenzhen is quite obvious, and the increase of the UHI intensity in 2011 is possibly related to the increase of the power load in the colder winter and the hotter summer in 2011.