基于鱼类保护目标的太子河环境流量研究

环境流量是流域水资源合理配置的基础.因此,本文借鉴FLOWS法,以太子河重要鱼类为保护目标,构建了流量组分与鱼类生态需求关系模型.同时,结合栖息地指标与流量关系曲线,计算了包含基流、脉冲流、平滩流和漫滩流4种组分在内的太子河环境流量.结果表明：太子河本溪、辽阳、唐马寨河段鱼类保护年基流量分别为2.93×108、3.12×108、2.88×108m3;现状径流总体可以满足年基流量的要求,但水文过程需要通过水库调度以匹配鱼类生态过程.推荐的各河段脉冲流、平滩流和漫滩流的量级、频率、历时、出现时间等水文参数,可以体现环境流量组分与自然径流过程的一致性要求.该研究可为太子河流域水库生态调度提供理论依据.

Study of environmental flow in Taizi River for fish species protection

Environmental flow is the foundation for achieving rational water allocation. With fish species being the protection target in Taizi River, a model combining flow components and fish ecology is proposed by referring to the FLOWS method. Thereafter the environmental flow components including base flow, pulse flow, bankfull flow and overbank flow in Taizi River are calculated via integration with the hydraulic relationships between habitat indicators and flow magnitude. Results indicate that the annual base flow at Benxi Reach, Liaoyang Reach and Tangmazhai Reach is 293 million m³, 312 million m³ and 288 million m³, respectively. Although the current streamflow can meet the overall annual base flow requirement, the hydrological process has to be controlled by reservoir operation to match fish ecological process. A series of hydrological parameters reflecting the consistency between the environmental flow and the natural flow process, such as the magnitude, frequency, duration and timing of pulse flow, bankful flow and overbank flow, has also been recommend for the three reaches of Taizi River. The research findings can provide the theoretical basis for reservoir ecological dispatch in Taizi River.