农户施药量选择的邻里效应 ——基于外部技术获得、经验资本的调节作用分析

农药污染严重威胁产地环境与食品安全，关注农户施药量选择有利于促进农户农药减量化及农业绿色发展。利用陕西、四川、浙江、安徽四省重点茶区实地调查数据建立Ordered Probit模型基于邻里施药信息传递研究农户施药量选择的邻里效应及外部技术获得、经验资本的调节作用。考虑到农药效用认知可能存在内生性问题，还利用工具变量进行了Eextended Ordered Probit估计。结果表明：（1）邻里施药信息传递显著促进农户增加施药量，说明农户施药量选择中存在邻里效应；（2）外部技术获得中，企业施药技术获得、政府施药技术获得促进农户减少施药量，但调节作用均不显著；（3）经验资本中，病虫害防治记录促进农户减少施药量，种植年限显著促进农户增加施药量，但调节作用均不显著。因此，政府应通过村庄科技示范户培育将邻里信息传递机制“化弊为利”，带动其他农户减少施药量；同时，辅之以必要的技术培训、专项工程等。

Neighborhood Effect on Farmers′ Pesticide Application Rate Selection： Based on the Analysis of External Technology Acquisition and Empirical Capital

Pesticide pollution seriously threatens food safety and the environment of the production area. Paying attention to the choice of pesticide application by farmers is conducive to promoting the reduction of pesticides and green development of agriculture. Based on the field survey data of key tea areas in Shaanxi, Sichuan, Zhejiang and Anhui provinces, the Ordered Probit model was established to study the neighborhood effect and the acquisition of external technology and the adjustment of empirical capital based on the application of neighboring drug application information. Considering that there may be endogenous problems in the perception of pesticide utility, extended ordered probit estimates were also made using instrumental variables. The results are as follows. (1) The information transmission of neighboring pesticide application significantly promotes the increase of pesticide application rate by farmers, indicating that there is a neighborhood effect in the selection of pesticide application by farmers; (2) In the acquisition of external technology, the acquisition of enterprise application technology and the government application of pesticide technology have significantly promoted the reduction of farmer's application, but the regulation effect is not significant; (3) In the empirical capital, the record of pest and disease prevention significantly promotes the reduction of pesticide application by farmers, and the planting period significantly promotes the increase of pesticide application by farmers, but the regulation effect is not significant. Therefore, the government should cultivate the neighborhood information transmission mechanism to “degenerate the disadvantages into profits” through the village science and technology demonstration households, and drive other farmers to reduce the amount of application; at the same time, supplement the necessary technical training and special projects.