景观破碎化对生态系统服务价值的影响作用分析 ——以苏州为例

破碎化改变了生态系统的结构和功能，限制了其服务价值发挥，不同破碎化因子对生态系统服务价值的作用效应及其相互关系仍有待揭示。以苏州为案例地，基于多时相遥感影像数据和镇域单元尺度，探究了1995~2015年不同时段生态系统服务价值、破碎化的时空特征，重点借助地理探测器方法揭示了破碎化因子及其相互之间对生态系统服务价值的作用效应。结果表明：(1)生态系统服务价值稳中趋减，空间分布由高值与低值的极化趋势逐渐趋向相对均衡；(2)破碎化日益加剧，空间分布表现为“相互独立→集聚→高度集聚→集聚”的演化规律；(3)破碎化因子对生态系统服务整体及各类型的作用力和解释水平趋弱，斑块密度、聚集度在各项服务中均表现出较强且持续的作用力；(4)因子之间为非线性、线性增强的交互作用方式，破坏与保护效果均较为显著；(5)斑块密度与其他因子的交互作用增效强度、风险区域、生态差异均为最强，是保护优化的重点和突破点。关键因子、作用方式及风险识别对生态系统服务价值的影响机制具有一定丰富，可为生态系统的高效保护和规划政策制定提供科学依据。

Analysis on the Effect of Landscape Fragmentation on Ecosystem Service Value: A Case Study of Suzhou

Fragmentation changes the structure and function of ecosystem and limits the value of it. The effect of different fragmentation factors and their relationship on ecosystem services need to be revealed. Taking Suzhou as a case, the spatial and temporal characteristics of ecosystem service value and fragmentation in different periods from 1995 to 2015 are explored based on the multi temporal remote sensing image data and the town unit scale. The role of fragmentation factors and their interaction effects on ecosystem service value are principally revealed with the help of GeoDetector method. The results show that: （1）The ecosystem service value tends to decrease in stability. The spatial distribution inclines to be relatively balanced from the polarization trend of high value and low value. （2）The fragmentation is strengthening gradually. The spatial distribution shows the evolution law of ‘mutual independence→agglomeration→high agglomeration→ agglomeration’. （3）The effect and explanation level of fragmentation factors on whole ecosystem services and its all types of services become weaker. Patch density and aggregation degree show strong and sustained forces in various services. （4）The interaction between factors is non-linear and linear, and the damage and protection effect will be more significant. （5）The synergism with other factors, the risk area and ecological differences of patch density is the strongest among the fragmentation index. It is the key and breakthrough point of protection and optimization. Key factors, action modes and risk identification can enrich mechanisms for ecosystem service value and provide a scientific reference for the further efficient protection of ecosystem.