长江经济带旅游业碳排放效率的综合测度与时空分异

以长江经济带为研究对象，运用DEA-SBM模型和Malmquist-Luenberger指数法，对2001～2016年长江经济带旅游业碳排放效率进行综合测度，从静态和动态的视角考察其旅游业碳排放效率的时空分异特征，并进一步探讨了效率变化的影响因素。结果显示:（1）2001~2016年间长江经济带旅游业碳排放效率的平均值为0.672，距离最佳生产前沿面还存在32.8%的提升空间。研究期内其旅游业碳排放效率ML指数均值为1.092，年均增长9.2%。不同时期的效率变化值表现出较大的波动性；（2）长江经济带旅游业碳排放效率的时空分异特征明显，上游地区呈现出低效率、低增长的特征，中游地区表现为中效率、高增长的特点，下游地区则呈现出高效率、中增长的特征；（3）长江经济带旅游业碳排放效率的增长主要源于技术水平的进步，技术效率对旅游业碳排放效率的贡献相对较小。不同区域旅游业碳排放效率变化的影响因素差异较大。

Comprehensive Measurement of Carbon Emissions Efficiency of Tourism and Its Spatio-temporal Differentiation in the Yangtze River Economic Belt

Taking the Yangtze River Economic Belt as the research object, this paper comprehensively valuated the carbon dioxide emissions efficiency of tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2001 to 2016 based on DEA-SBM and Malmquist-Luenberger index, and explored its spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics from a static and dynamic perspective. On this basis, the influencing factors of its carbon dioxide emissions efficiency of tourism were discussed. Research showed that: (1) The average value of static carbon emissions efficiency of tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt from 2001 to 2016 was 0.672, and there was 32.8% improvement space from the production frontier. The average ML index of tourism carbon emissions efficiency during the study period was 1.092, indicating that the average annual growth rate of the carbon dioxide emissions efficiency of tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was 9.2%. The change value of carbon dioxide emissions efficiency of tourism in different periods showed great volatility; (2) The spatial and temporal differentiation characteristics of tourism carbon emission efficiency in the Yangtze River Economic Belt are obvious. Specifically, the upstream basin showed the characteristics of low efficiency and low growth, the middle reaches of the river basin presented the characteristics of medium efficiency and high growth, while the downstream basin showed the characteristics of high efficiency and medium growth; (3) The growth of the carbon dioxide emissions efficiency of tourism in the Yangtze River Economic Belt was mainly due to the progress of technology, while the contribution of improvements in technical efficiency was relatively small. The impacts of these factors affecting the carbon dioxide emissions efficiency of tourism were quite different in different regions.