野生与栽培大别山五针松小枝功能性状变异特征

木本植物小枝功能性状及其变异性是反映植物环境适应性的重要指标。濒危植物大别山五针松(Pinus dabeshanensis)野生型和栽培型种群长期生长在不同生境，其小枝功能性状是否具有显著差异性尚不清楚。以安徽岳西县和金寨县大别山区分布的2个野生和2个栽培种群为研究对象，通过野外调查取样对比分析了不同种群小枝形态、生物量及含水量等12个功能性状的差异性及其协变特征。结果表明：小枝性状变异系数在0.054~0.419之间，野生型一般高于栽培型。小枝性状在不同种群间均有显著差异，其中栽培幼株小枝的茎直径、茎截面积、分枝数、胸径、针叶长度、茎生物量和小枝总生物量均最低，但其茎长和叶茎比最大；栽培成株的茎直径、截面积及茎、叶含水量最高；岳西野生型植株小枝最短而其他性状处中等水平；金寨野生型植株针叶最长但茎含水量、叶生物量及叶茎比最小。不同种群小枝性状协变特征不尽相同，但有8个性状在不同种群间表现出相同的协变趋势。因此，不同生境下大别山五针松小枝功能性状虽然具有较强的变异性，但其协变关系具有一定的种内保守性。

Variations in Functional Traits of Twigs Between Wild and Cultivated Pinus dabeshanensis

The twig functional traits and their variations of woody plants are important parameters reflecting the environmental adaptation of plants. The wild populations and cultivated populations of Pinus dabeshanensis, a rare and endangered plant, lived in different habitats for a long time, whether there are significant variations in twig functional traits remains unclear. In this study, two wild populations and two cultivated populations of P. dabeshanensis in Dabie Mountains in Yuexi and Jinzhai Counties in Anhui Province were selected as target, based on field investigation and sampling, the differences in twelve twig functional traits (including morphology, biomass and water content) and their covariant characteristics among different populations were comparably analyzed. The result showed that the variation coefficients of all twig functional traits ranged from 0.054 to 0.419, and wild populations generally presented higher values than cultivated populations. All twig functional traits showed obvious differences among different populations; thereinto, at twig level the stem diameter, stem area, branch number, diameter at breast height, needle length, stem biomass and twig biomass of cultivated young plants were the lowest in four populations, but they had the highest stem length and needle to stem biomass ratio. The cultivated adult plants represented the highest stem diameter, stem area and water contents of stems and needles. The wild population in Yuexi County had the lowest stem length while the other functional traits showed the middle size. The wild plants in Jinzhai County exhibited the highest needle length but the stem water content, needle biomass and needle to stem ratio were the lowest. The covariant characteristics of twig traits in different population of P. dabeshanensis were not all the same, but there were eight traits represented the same covariant tendency among different populations. Consequently, although the twig functional traits of P. dabeshanensis in different habitats had strong variability, their covariant relationship presented intraspecific conservatism to an extent.