贵阳酸雨中溶解态重金属质量浓度及形态分析

为了解酸雨地区雨水重金属的污染现状,季节性变化和形态分布特征,利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分析测试贵阳雨水中溶解态重金属的质量浓度,并在此基础上通过PHREEQC模型模拟雨水中重金属的形态分布特征.结果表明,贵阳雨水中溶解态重金属Co、Ni、Cu、Zn、Cd质量浓度较低未出现超标现象,秋季和冬季雨水中Pd质量浓度较高超过国家标准.雨水中Co和Ni主要来源于地壳,几乎没有受到人为影响;Cu、Zn、Cd和Pb受到了不同程度的人为污染,且秋和冬季的污染比春季和夏季更为严重.贵阳雨水中溶解态重金属主要是以自由离子态、草酸络合物和硫酸根络合物的形式存在,它们分别占总溶解态重金属的47.27%~95.28%、0.72%~51.87%和0.50%~7.66%.溶解态重金属的形态主要受雨水酸化程度、酸化类型和阴离子配体的浓度控制.

Concentrations and Speciation of Dissolved Heavy Metal in Rainwater in Guiyang, China

In order to understand the pollution situation, as well as seasonal changes in characteristics and speciation of dissolved heavy metals in acid rain control zone, the concentrations of dissolved heavy metals in rainwater collected at Guiyang were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry(ICP-MS). And the speciation of dissolved heavy metals was further simulated by PHREEQC model. The results showed that the dissolved Co, Ni, Cu, Zn and Cd concentrations were low and not higher than the national standards for drinking water quality in China. The dissolved Pd concentrations were high in fall and winter and higher than the national standards for drinking water quality in China. The Co and Ni in rainwater mainly came from the crust and there was almost no human impact. The Cu, Zn, Cd and Pd pollutions in rainwater were affected by human activity with different levels. The degrees of contamination in autumn and winter were more serious than those in spring and summer. The free metal ion species was the dominant form of dissolved heavy metal, accounting for 47.27%-95.28% of the dissolved metal in rainwater from Guiyang city. The free metal ion species was followed in abundance by Metal-Oxalate and Metal-sulfate complexes that accounted for 0.72%-51.87% and 0.50%-7.66%, respectively. The acidity of rainwater, acid type as well as content of ligand more likely controlled the distribution of dissolved heavy metal in precipitation.