我国农村生活污水处理地方标准现状、问题及对策建议

农村生活污水处理设施水污染排放标准关系到农村生活污水治理技术的选取、建设投资及运行维护，科学合理地制定排放标准具有重要意义。对我国30个省（区、市）已发布的农村生活污水处理设施水污染物排放地方标准的适用范围、分级分类情况、污染物控制指标选取及限值、监测采样方法等进行了对比分析，发现我国农村生活污水污染物排放地方标准存在适用范围及分级分类不科学、指标限值区域化不明显、监测及采样方法不明确等问题。针对上述问题提出根据功能分区及处理规模科学制定分级分类标准，因地制宜地选取污染物控制指标，指标限值应做到宽严相济，进一步明确监测频次及采样方法，强化标准的基准研究等相关建议，以期为完善农村生活污水处理标准体系提供指导与借鉴。

Local standards for domestic wastewater treatment in rural areas of China:current situation,problems and suggestion

The water pollution discharge standards of rural domestic wastewater treatment (WWT) facilities are the key to the selection of treatment technologies, construction investment, and operation and maintenance. The scientific and reasonable formulation of discharge standards is of great significance. The applicable scope, classification, selection of pollutant control indicators and limits, and monitoring and sampling methods of local standards for water pollutants discharge from rural domestic WWT facilities that had been issued in 30 provinces in China were compared and analyzed. Some problems were found for the local standards, for instance, the application scope and classification of the standards were unscientific, the index limits were not clearly regionalized, and the monitoring and sampling methods were unclear. Accordingly relevant suggestions were put forward including scientifically formulating classification standards based on functional divisions and processing scales, selecting pollutant control indicators according to local conditions, setting the index limits with lenient and strict policy, further clarifying the monitoring frequency and sampling methods, and strengthening researches on the criteria of standards, in order to provide guidance and reference for improving the rural domestic wastewater standard system.