环境水体中自由基的检测技术研究进展

自由基化学性质高度活泼，极易发生得失电子的氧化还原反应，是环境水体中降解污染物的重要因素。自由基的环境鉴定和分析对揭示环境污染物降解转化机制具有重要意义。但由于自由基环境浓度极低、反应活性高、寿命短，再加上复杂环境基质的干扰效应，使其环境分析一直是研究的重点和难点。而且，目前的研究主要针对一些已知的自由基展开，对未知自由基的识别和鉴定研究较为匮乏。在系统总结典型自由基检测方法及其应用现状的基础上，阐述不同检测方法的优点和缺点，重点探讨适用于环境水体中羟基自由基等典型自由基的检测方法，并提出自旋捕获结合质谱分析技术具有特异性和高灵敏性的优点，可同时检测天然水体中多种自由基，并能够识别和鉴定未知自由基，是未来的研究方向。

Progress on the detection technology of free radicals in waters

The chemical properties of free radicals are highly active and easy to cause redox reaction of gain and loss of electrons, which is an important factor for the degradation of pollutants in environmental waters. Environmental identification and analysis of free radicals are of great significance to reveal the degradation and transformation mechanism of pollutants in the environment. However, due to extremely low environmental concentration, high reactive activity and short life of free radicals, coupled with the interference of complex environmental matrices, their environmental analysis has been the focus and difficulty of the research. Meanwhile, most studies at present focus on some known free radicals, but there are few studies on the identification of unknown free radicals. In this study, on the basis of systematically summarizing the detection methods and application status of typical radicals, the advantages and disadvantages of different detection methods were expounded, especially for the detection methods suitable for typical free radicals such as hydroxyl free radicals in natural waters. It was proposed that spin capture combined with mass spectrometry, which could simultaneously detect many known radicals and identify unknown free radicals with high specificity and sensitivity, would be the research direction of radical detection in natural waters.