我国西南地区城市水环境综合整治对策与路线图

为提升我国西南地区城市水生态环境质量，以该地区47个城市（州）为研究对象，总结了城市水生态环境特征，解析了其存在的水生态环境问题。结果表明，该地区城市生活污水排放量大，10个城市生活污水排放负荷占比超过90%，近60%的城市排水基础设施落后于全国平均水平，工业源排放多集中在食品和化工行业，4—5月降雨径流污染较重；1/3的城市再生水利用率较低、工业耗水量大；受城市化进程的影响，地区城市水体富营养化问题突出，河湖水生生物多样性下降。基于上述问题，结合地区城市相关发展规划，提出了该地区城市近期（2021—2025年）、中期（2026—2030年）和远期（2031—2035年）3个阶段水生态环境质量提升目标，并给出城市水生态环境综合整治对策和路线图，即近期阶段以控源减排为主，中期阶段完成节水型城市的构建，远期阶段全面恢复城市水生态系统的结构和功能。

Study on the comprehensive improvement countermeasures and roadmap of water ecological environment in urban area of Southwest China

In order to improve the quality of the water ecological environment in urban area of Southwest China, the characteristics of the water ecological environment of 47 cities in Southwest China were summarized and the problems were identified and analyzed. It was shown that the discharge quantity of urban domestic wastewater from this region were large, with 10 that of cities accounting for more than 90 percent of the total domestic discharge load. Nearly 60 percent of urban drainage infrastructure lagged behind the national average. The industrial sources were concentrated in the food and chemical industries, and the heavy pollution from non-point sources appeared in April and May. One-third of the cities had low utilization rate of reclaimed water. Under the influence of urbanization process in the region, the eutrophication became a serious problem and the aquatic biodiversity of rivers and lakes decreased in urban waters. Based on these problems and combined with the relevant development plans of the cities, the urban water ecological environmental quality improvement objectives in the region were put forward in three terms, namely, the short term (2021-2025), the medium term (2026-2030) and the long term (2031-2035). The countermeasures and roadmap for the comprehensive improvement of urban water ecological environment were given. In the first term, the focuses should be on emission reduction and source pollution control. In the medium term, it should focus on building water-saving cities in an all-round way. In the long term, fully recovering the structure and function of urban aquatic ecosystem should be targeted.