合成生物技术对生物多样性影响的评估探索

合成生物技术是近年来兴起的一类新兴生物技术，是现代生物技术的新发展阶段；在微生物细胞工厂、人工合成菌群、人工基因组合成、基因组编辑和基因驱动等多个领域取得了一系列重要进展，也获得了多国政府及产学研机构的大力支持。随着合成生物技术研究、开发与应用的深入发展，评估其对人类社会生存发展至关重要的生物多样性的影响成为一个重要课题。基于防范降低负面风险、促进有益开发应用和保护生物多样性的评估原则，采用综合考虑合成生物技术适用范围和基于合成生物技术的制品、组分和生物的安全性2个维度的评估方法定性分析了合成生物技术研究、开发与应用对生物多样性的影响，提出了应对其潜在风险的策略与建议，以期为合成生物技术的良性发展、造福社会提供参考。

Evaluation exploration of the impacts of synthetic biotechnologies on biodiversity

Synthetic biotechnologies are recently emerged novel biotechnologies, and represent the new stage of modern biotechnology. A series of important progresses have been achieved in many fields such as microbial cell factories, synthetic microbial consortium, artificial genomes synthesis, genome editing and gene drives, thanks to the intensive support from the government, industrial and academia in many countries. With the further growth of research, development and application of synthetic biotechnologies, the evaluation of their impacts on the biodiversity of the ecosystem, which is one of the critical issues related to human society, becomes a very important topic. Based on the evaluation principle of preventing and reducing negative risks, promoting beneficial development and application, and protecting biodiversity, the impact of research, development and application of synthetic biotechnology on biodiversity was qualitatively analyzed. A two-dimensional evaluation method was adopted, which comprehensively considered the proper application scope of synthetic biotechnologies and the safety of products, components and organisms based on synthetic biotechnology. The countermeasures and suggestions for coping with potential risks of synthetic biotechnology on biodiversity were put forward, so as to provide references for the healthy development of synthetic biotechnologies for the prosper of human society.