基于RS和GIS的长沙城市热岛效应与TSP污染耦合关系

城市热岛效应反映了城市化发展对城市环境的影响,是影响城市生态环境的一个重要因素。文章以长沙市为例,利用3S技术与传统技术相结合对大气中总悬浮颗粒物(TSP)在城市热岛中的作用与贡献进行了研究。结果表明,长沙城市热岛效应与TSP污染在空间与时间分布上都具有耦合关系。采用RS和GIS技术可以从空间上对TSP在城市热岛中的贡献进行研究。长沙市TSP污染的分布特征和热岛强度分布状况基本一致,都是由市中心往外逐渐减轻。TSP高值区,城区呈高温区;TSP低值区,城区呈低温区。采用长沙市TSP高值区、TSP低值区的两个监测点2002年逐月TSP监测数据及相应气象统计数据,从时间上对TSP污染与城市热岛效应进行了相关性研究,长沙市TSP污染与热岛强度在年度分布上存在正相关关系。随着长沙城市建设和城市化速度的加快,城市热岛强度有逐年增强的趋势。3S技术与传统技术相结合,使科学研究更客观、准确。3S技术用于中尺度的区域环境质量调查,可实现空间区域的定量表达,而传统技术获取的环境背景数据,则从微观上对空间数据的准确性进行验证。

Coupling relationship between the urban Heat-Island and the total suspended particles pollution in Changsha city based on remote sensing and GIS

Urban Heat Island (UHI) is an important impact factor of urban environment and reflects the influence of development of urbanization on the city environment. This article study the effect and contribution of the Total Suspended Particles (TSP) on the urban heat island by combining 3S and traditional technique at Changsha city. The results show that the spatial distribution of the heat-island intensity has a coupling relationship with that of the TSP pollution. Using RS and GIS technique can research the effection and contribution of the TSP on the urban heat-island from the space. Both the heat-island intensity and the TSP pollution decrease radially from the metropolitan center towards the outskirt. The areas in thick degrees of TSP are of high temperatures, and vise verse. Then the correlation of the annual distributions of the TSP and the heat-island intensity was established via the statistical analysis of the monthly collections at two monitorial points at Changsha city in 2002. The TSP pollution scale is positively correlated with the intensity of heat-island in the time. The intensity of the heat-island increases yearly with the acceleration of the construction and urbanization of Changsha city. 3S technique help to realize the quantificational express of spatial areas at the environmental investigation in quality on the moderate scale areas and the environmental data gained by the traditional technique help to validate the veracity of spatial data from the microcosmic aspect. Technique combining them make the science research more objectivity and veracity.