我国耕地保护的绩效评价及其省际差异分析

在界定耕地保护绩效内涵的基础上，基于PSR模型建立耕地保护绩效评价指标体系，运用TOPSIS法和协调度计算函数建构评价模型，以全国31个省级行政区域为样本，对耕地保护绩效进行了综合评价。研究结果表明：①耕地保护PSR系统的协调性反映了耕地保护的“原因－效应－响应”配合程度，可用来度量耕地保护的绩效水平；②耕地保护的PSR系统协调度最高为黑龙江1.6794，最低为海南1.4512，平均协调度1.6100。耕地保护绩效的区域差异明显。耕地保护绩效与区域经济发展外在压力和耕地资源禀赋具有较强的相关性；③在耕地保护制度安排中应遵循耕地保护机会成本和耕地资源禀赋的区域差异，调控地方政府的利益诉求，把土地利用分区和土地利用收益分配相结合，建立区域间的利益补偿机制。同时，强化对耕地保护政策执行力的考核。

Evaluation on Performance of Cultivated Land Protection and Inter-provincial Differences Analysis in China

China has the world' s most stringent farmland protection system, but cultivated land amount is still decreasing from 1. 25 × 10~8 hm~2 in 1985 to 1. 21 × 10~8 hm~2 in 2008. Why is it so difficult to protect cultivated land in China? From the perspective of institution, one of the main causes is ineffective implementation of cultivated land preservation policy. To upgrade the executive ability of cultivated land protection (Hereinafter; CLP) , it is imperative to establish a reasonable evaluation system. This paper adopts an implicative connotation for the understanding of CLP performance, namely, the performance of CLP' s action and the performance of CLP' s outcome, and thereby it is required that the two aspects are examined in evaluating the performance of CLP. According to the extended connotation, this paper tries to establish the index evaluation system based on the Pressure-State-Response model and then to evaluate the performance of CLP of the 31 samples at provincial government level in China ( not including Taiwan, Hong kong and Macao due to no data) by referring to the Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution and the calculation model of harmonious degree. The results show harmonious degree of the PSR system reflects the performance level of CLP through its harmony among CLP' s pressure subsystem, state subsystem and response subsystem. The more harmonious among PSR systems, the more effective the performance of CLP would be. Among the 31 samples, most of the samples' harmonious degree belongs to the range from 1. 6010 to 1. 6586, which shows large parts of all regions' performance of CLP are in a favorable state, but the regional difference is remarkable. For provincial harmonious degree, Heilongjiang Province is the highest, which is 1.6794, and Hainan Province is the least, being 1.4512, and on average the harmonious degree is 1. 6100. As is also revealed that regions in which the harmonious degree of the PSR model ranks the top ten are comparatively under-developed and on the other hand where the harmonious degree of the PSR model among the last ten are mostly the developed regions. It can be judged that the external pressure from economic development appears to influence the performance level of CLP. The difference in the quantity of reserved land resource is another factor causing a variety of performance levels in the CLP. Therefore, performance of CLP varies from region to region, maintaining a close relationship with the regional difference in the external pressure on economic development and the cultivated land resource endowment. Performance of CLP is obviously different among 31 provinces in China, which means it may be necessary that the regional opportunity cost of CLP and cultivated land comparative advantages should be abided by in protecting cultivated land, regional differences as well as the interrelations between land use zoning and profit distribution also should be fully considered and a compensation mechanism among regions should be established for the alleviation that one region may suffer from external economic losses for protecting too much cultivated land.