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Effect of monoammonium phosphate particle size on flame propagation of aluminum dust cloud
Institution:1. Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences & Technology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan;2. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan;3. Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Allama Iqbal Road, 38000, Faisalabad, Pakistan;4. Nuclear Institute for Agriculture and Biology (NIAB), P.O. Box 128, Jhang Road, Faisalabad, Pakistan;5. University of Wuppertal, Institute of Foundation Engineering, Water- and Waste-Management, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Soil- and Groundwater-Management, Pauluskirchstraße 7, 42285, Wuppertal, Germany;6. Korea Biochar Research Center and School of Natural Resources and Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 200-701, South Korea;1. State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Department of Chemical Machinery and Safety Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning, 116024, PR China;2. Xi''an Modern Chemistry Research Institute, Xi''an, 710065, PR China;3. Shanghai Research Institute of Chemical Industry, Shanghai, 27795, PR China;1. College of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, PR China;2. College Safety and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, 266590, China;3. Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education on Safe Mining of Deep Metal Mines, NO. 3-11, Wenhua Road, Heping District, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110819, China;4. School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, No. 45 Chengde Street, Longtan District, Jilin, 132022, China
Abstract:The effect of monoammonium phosphate (NH4H2PO4) particles on 5 μm aluminum dust flames is investigated experimentally and computationally. NH4H2PO4 in three particle size is employed to determine the inhibition efficiency on aluminum flame propagation. Flame inhibition mechanism considering both gas and surface chemistry of aluminum particles is developed. Results show that the inhibition effectiveness monotonously increases as NH4H2PO4 particle size is reduced to 25 μm. Flame morphology and flame microstructure change with the addition of different particle size NH4H2PO4. Small NH4H2PO4 particles within the range studied have a greater reduction in average flame propagation compared to the coarser one. Meanwhile, the fine NH4H2PO4 particles almost decompose completely during the penetration of aluminum flame and then undergo a sufficient chemical interaction with the flame. The simulations indicate that the decomposition products of NH4H2PO4 particles obstruct the oxidation of aluminum particles through flame radical consumption. Additionally, the addition of NH4H2PO4 can reduce the vaporization rate and surface reaction rate of aluminum particles.
Keywords:Aluminum dust explosions  Flame propagation behaviors  Particle size distribution  Surface kinetics
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