Phased sampling for soil remediation |
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Authors: | Evan J Englund Naser Heravi |
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Institution: | (1) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory-Las Vegas, P.O. Box 93478, 89193-3478 Las Vegas, NV, USA;(2) Harry Reid Center for Environmental Studies, University of Nevada-Las Vegas, 4505 S. Maryland Parkway, 89194 Las Vegas, NV, USA |
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Abstract: | In phased sampling, data obtained in one phase is used to design the sampling network for the next phase. GivenN total observations, 1, ...,N phases are possible. Experiments were conducted with one-phase, two-phase, andN-phase design algorithms on surrogate models of sites with contaminated soils. The sampling objective was to identify through interpolation, subunits of the site that required remediation. The cost-effectiveness of alternate methods was compared by using a loss function. More phases are better, but in economic terms, the improvement is marginal. The optimal total number of samples is essentially independent of the number of phases. For two phase designs, 75% of samples in the first phase is near optimal; 20% or less is actually counterproductive.The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development (ORD), partially funded and collaborated in the research described here. It has been subjected to the Agency's peer review and has been approved as an EPA publication. The U.S. Government has a non-exclusive, royalty-free licence in and to any copyright covering this article. |
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Keywords: | adaptive sampling geostatistics interpolation sampling design sampling optimization |
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