鹤地水库沉积物营养盐及重金属分布和污染特征分析

为揭示鹤地水库沉积物营养盐及重金属分布和污染特征,对水库代表性区域柱状沉积物样品营养盐及重金属含量进行测定,在此基础上综合分析了水库沉积物营养盐及重金属空间分布特征、磷形态组成及其对水质的潜在影响,并对表层沉积物重金属进行了潜在生态危害评价.鹤地水库3个样点沉积物总氮(TN)含量在2.314～2.427 mg.g-1之间,其含量大小顺序为:湖泊区>过渡区>河流区,总磷(TP)含量在0.591～0.760 mg.g-1之间,其含量大小顺序为:过渡区>湖泊区>河流区;重金属(Cu、Cr、Pb、Zn、Cd和Hg)平均含量分别为31.094、46.85、75.615、385.739、0.624和0.171 mg.kg-1,除Cr外,湖泊区重金属含量均高于过渡区.垂直剖面上,沉积物营养盐及重金属含量总体上均表现出表层富集的特征.鹤地水库沉积物磷形态以无机磷(IP)为主,IP又以铁铝结合态的NaOH-P为主,NaOH-P含量占到IP含量的80%以上,磷组成特点表明其具有较强的潜在释放能力.潜在生态危害评价中,以工业化前沉积物最高背景值为参比的评价结果表明单种重金属基本属于轻微到中度污染,综合生态危害指数(RI)表明鹤地水库沉积物尚处于轻微生态危害程度;而以广东省土壤元素背景值为参比的评价表明重金属Cd和Hg均已达到强到极强污染程度,其余重金属则处于轻微污染水平,沉积物重金属综合RI值达到强到较强危害程度,这与该地区红壤中Cd和Hg的环境背景值较低有关,尽管2种参比评价结果有所不同,但均表明重金属Cd和Hg污染较其他重金属严重,对RI值的贡献最大.

Distribution and Pollution Characteristics of Nutrients and Heavy Metals in Sediments of Hedi Reservoir

Core sediments were collected from the riverine, transition and lacustrine zones of Hedi Reservoir in southern China to investigate the spatial distributions of nutrients and heavy metals and assess the potential ecological risk of heavy metals. The total nitrogen (TN) contents of the sediments at three sampling sites are between 2.314-2.427 mg·g^-1, while total phosphorus (TP) contents range from 0.591 mg·g^-1to 0.760 mg·g^-1, TN contents of the surface sediments increase from the riverine zone to the lacustrine zone, but the TP content in the transition zone is higher than that in the other two sites (riverine zone and lacustrine zone). The mean contents of heavy metals are: 31.094, 46.85, 75.615, 385.739, 0.624 and 0.171 mg·kg^-1 respectively, except Cr, the contents of heavy metals in sediment of lacustrine zone are higher than the sediment of transition zone. In all core sediments, the contents of nutrients and heavy metals decrease from the surface to the bottom of core sediments. Inorganic phosphorus (IP) is the dominant fraction of phosphorus in the sediment and the NaOH-P is the main forms of inorganic phosphorus. The potential ecological risk assessed by using of the highest environmental background values before industrialization as the reference indicates that each single heavy metal only causes slightly pollution, but two heavy metals (Cd and Hg)cause heavy pollution based on the soil environmental background values of Guangdong province. In spite of the slight difference between two kinds of risk assessment, all demonstrated that Cd and Hg resulted in more serious pollution than the other metals and these two metals contributed most to the RI values.