平原农区村民居住空间特征与迁居意愿——以江苏省淮安市为例

选择地处苏北平原农区的淮安市所有15510个自然村和872414户农户全样本入户调查数据为分析对象,采用占比统计法和GIS空间分析,对村民居住空间特征与迁居意愿进行研究。主要结论如下：（1）在村落层面,平均规模小,单村独户多且村落分散,多数自然村远离镇区,近一半自然村位居“九靠近一滞洪”区域内。该格局是自然地理条件和人文因素综合影响形成的。（2）在住房层面,农村老旧住房比例高,全市40%农户在城乡同时拥有住房,但在城镇拥有住房率与到城区距离呈负相关,而农村住房空关率则呈现相反的空间格局。（3）在迁居意愿方面,54.1%的农户愿意集中居住且多意向实物安置,较低补偿标准和不便务农是不愿迁居的主要原因;移居城镇是货币安置农户的主要去向,留村和入镇集中居住是实物安置农户的主要去向。在迁居意向农户中,近90%选择政府统建方式,近80%愿意有偿退出宅基地和流转承包地。（4）村民居住空间特征和迁居意愿都存在明显的空间差异,两者之间存有内在联系且均受多种因素影响。

Villagers' living space characteristics and their willingness to relocation in plain farming area: A case study of Huai'an

Using the ratio and GIS spatial analysis methods, this paper analyzes villagers' living space characteristics and their relocating willingness. All the data were obtained from the full sample survey from October to November 2018 on the 15510 natural villages and 872414 rural households in Huai'an. There are some findings as follows: (1) The rural settlements are not only scattered but also smaller on average. And what's more, there are some villages only with one family in Huai'an. Besides, most of villages are far away from the town, and nearly half of them are in the certain location which is near the water sources, or road, or railway, or situated in flood detention area, etc. These spatial characteristics are the results of a combination of the physical geographical conditions and human factors, such as the agricultural production around rural houses. (2) For the farmer's house, the proportion of the old house is higher, and 40% of rural households have their houses in both towns and villages. There is a negative correlation between the ratio of rural households which have urban houses and the distance from the village to the town center. However, the ratio of rural vacant house presents the opposite spatial pattern. (3) For villagers' willingness, 54.1% of rural households are willing to be relocated in a centralized way and most of them prefer compensation in kind. The main reasons for farmers' unwillingness to be relocated in a centralized way includes the lower compensation standards and the inconvenient farming conditions. The main destination of farmers who are willing to be settled in cash is the city, while staying in villages or in towns is other farmers' option. Nearly 90% of the farmers with willingness to relocation will choose the resettlement house which would be built by the local governments, and nearly 80% of them would return the homestead or transfer the contracted land with compensation. (4) There are obvious spatial differences in both the characteristics of villagers' living space and their willingness to relocation, which are internally related and affected by various factors.