皖北地区乡村稀释化特征、影响因素及形成机制——基于城乡关系的视角

乡村稀释化是指城乡关系失衡下乡村人口持续减少、社会活力凋敝、人居空间不断被稀释的过程,是我国快速城镇化进程中乡村空间问题的动态化呈现,是新时代乡村地理学亟待深化研究的课题。基于城乡关系视角,从人口活力、土地利用和社会活动三个维度对皖北地区乡村稀释化进行测度,综合运用空间自相关、地理加权回归、地理探测器等方法,揭示皖北地区乡村稀释化时空特征、影响因素及形成机制。结果表明：（1）近10年皖北地区乡村稀释化呈现出阶段性加速化过程、多维度差异化状态、集聚性分异化空间格局等特征;（2）人均水资源量、农业从业人口密度、贫困发生率、城乡居民收入差异系数、单位乡村小学在校生人数、每万农村居民村卫生室医生数等要素对皖北地区乡村稀释化影响显著;（3）在特定城乡关系背景下,基于区域本底条件,城市系统的控制引导与乡村系统的被动响应共同推动了乡村稀释化的形成和蔓延。科学认知乡村稀释化,可为乡村振兴与城乡融合发展精准施策提供理论指导。

Characteristics and influencing factors and formation mechanism of rural dilution in Northern Anhui Area: Based on the urban and rural relationship

Rural dilution is the process of the evolution of structural contradictions between rural multidimensional spaces and their elements in the process of urbanization, a presentation of rural space issue in the unbalance of urban and rural relationship, and an important project of rural geography in the new era. Based on the urban and rural perspective, the paper analyzes the concept and connotation of rural dilution, and measures the process and state of rural dilution in Northern Anhui Area from population vitality, land use and social activity, explores the temporal and spatial characteristics, influencing factors and forming mechanism with the methods of spatial autocorrelation, geographical weighting regression, and geographical detector. The results show that: (1) In recent 10 years, the rural dilution in this area has been characterized with phased acceleration process. (2) Water resources quantity per capita, farming population density, poverty incidence, diversity factors of income of urban and rural residents, number of pupils at school in the rural unit, number of doctors in rural resident clinic per ten thousand persons exert remarkable influence on the rural dilution in the study area. (3) In the special context of urban and rural relationship, the combined action of urban system control and guidance, and rural system passive response promote the formation and extension of rural dilution. The study provides reference for the research of rural transfer and integrated urban and rural development and theoretical guidance for the precise implementation of rural revitalization and rural planning. The paper emphasizes scientific recognition, timely solutions to rural dilution, and further theoretical research and practice exploration of rural transformation and urban and rural integration. How to deal with rural dilution and lead the sharp contraction of rural space, and how to achieve integrated urban and rural development from the perspective of restructuring the space of production, life and ecology are the orientation for the next research stage. Scientific recognition of rural dilution can provide theoretical guidance for targeted tactics of rural revitalization and urban and rural integration development.