皖西地区贫困空间分异的影响机制

区域性贫困是当前中国社会经济和区域发展不平衡的核心表现。以大别山连片特困区的皖西地区为例,以乡镇贫困发生率为贫困空间分异指标,以地理环境、经济环境、社会环境的20个因素为自变量,综合运用相关分析、空间回归、地理加权回归等方法,探究各因素对贫困空间分异的影响。结果表明:平均坡度、人均规模以上工业总产值、二三产业收入占纯收入比例、医疗卫生机构床位数是导致皖西地区贫困空间分异的核心因素,且其影响具有较强的空间异质性;地理机制、经济机制、社会机制是皖西地区贫困空间分异的主要机制,其中,地理环境是基础影响,经济环境的影响较强,社会环境影响广且大多与地理环境相关。研究结果对贫困干预的地理瞄准具有较强的借鉴意义。

The influence mechanism of poverty spatial differentiation in Western Anhui province

Regional poverty has become the core problem of urban-rural development and income distribution imbalance in China. Taking the Western Anhui area of Dabie Mountains as a case study, based on the spatial heterogeneity pattern and dependence pattern of poverty on the township scale, selecting 20 factors from three dimensions of geographical environment, economic environment and social environment, this paper explores the influence of various factors on poverty spatial differentiation through analysis of correlation, multivariate linear regression, spatial regression and geographical weighted regression. The results show that: First, the basic pattern of spatial differentiation of poverty in Western Anhui shows that the poverty rate in the southwest and south parts of the study area is high, while that in the central and northeast regions is relatively low. The spatial dependence of poverty in Western Anhui is strong. Secondly, the results of Pearson correlation analysis show that the geographical environment, economic environment and social environment are the important factors that affect the spatial differentiation of poverty. Spatial regression and GWR regression analyses show that the average slope, the gross national product per capita of above-scale industries, the proportion of income derived from the secondary and tertiary industries to the net income, the number of beds in medical and health institutions are the core factors leading to the spatial differentiation of poverty, and their influence has strong spatial heterogeneity. Finally, geographical mechanism, economic mechanism and social mechanism are the three mechanisms of poverty spatial differentiation. The geographical environment plays a fundamental role in the formation of spatial differentiation of poverty, whose impact is profound and extensive. The economic environment and social environment, controlled by the geographical environment, affect each other. These two factors are not only an important manifestation of poverty, but also related with poverty. The results of this study can be used for reference to the geographical aim of poverty intervention.