公众环境关注、环境规制与中国能源密集型产业动态

自十八大以来,公众环境治理与环境规制成为影响能源密集型产业动态的重要因素。基于2011—2016年百度指数数据与中国海关进出口数据库,将能源密集型产业面临的环境压力划分为公众环境关注、非正式环境规制和正式环境规制,采用Logit模型综合探讨了环境压力对能源密集型产业动态的影响。研究发现:公众环境关注显著降低了能源密集型产业进入的概率,除环境建议与提案外,其他非正式与正式的环境规制均能够抑制能源密集型产业的进入。此外,在公众环境关注度高的区域,非正式和正式的环境规制对能源密集型产业进入的抑制作用更强。

Public environmental concerns,environmental regulations and energy-intensive industrial dynamics in China

Energy-intensive industries refer to a kind of industry with strong energy dependence and high consumption during the production process. Their economic geography and dynamic evolution have an important impact on China's energy geography and energy security. The production process of energy-intensive industries often consumes a lot of resources and is accompanied by a large number of pollutants, and accelerates the deterioration of the local environment. Since the reform and opening up, energy-intensive exported industries have gathered in the eastern coastal areas of China in consideration of transportation location, industrial linkages and the import of raw materials. From the early 2000s, the rising cost of production has resulted in a new round of industrial transfer. Especially, since the 18th National Congress in 2012, the Chinese government has begun to intensify efforts to rectify air pollution, and residents' demand for a better environment has gradually increased. Therefore, the contradiction between the supply and demand for the good environment has gradually become an important factor affecting the dynamics of energy-intensive industries. At the same time, with the development of multimedia and internet technologies, the public is playing an increasingly important role in environmental governance. So how does public environmental concern affect energy-intensive industries dynamics and will the public environmental concern influence the relationship between environmental regulations and the dynamics of energy-intensive industries? Based on the Baidu index and Chinese Customs Trade Statistics from 2011 to 2016, the Logit model is used to comprehensively discuss the impact of environmental pressures on the dynamics of energy-intensive industries in China. This paper divides environmental pressures into public environmental concerns, formal and informal regulations. The empirical results show that public environmental concerns, formal and informal environmental regulations can lower down the probability of local energy-intensive industries entering, while environmental recommendations and proposals (one indicator of informally environmental regulations) have no significant effect. Besides, in areas with high public environmental concerns, formal and informal environmental regulations have a stronger inhibitory effect on the entry of energy-intensive industries.