土地利用转型背景下的乡村景观格局演变响应——基于草堂溪流域的样带分析

研究山区土地利用转型背景下乡村景观格局演变与转型,对山区现代化农业可持续发展和景观格局优化具有一定的指导意义。以三峡库区草堂溪流域为研究对象,利用ArcGIS 10.2和Fragstats 4.2软件,采用样带梯度分析结合景观格局分析方法,基于地形和社会经济因素,分别在河谷地区和山地丘陵地区设置5条样带,对研究区2000—2018年不同方向样带上景观格局梯度演变和驱动机制进行分析比较。结果表明：（1）景观类型整体变化幅度大致可分为较稳定型、逐年递减型和波动递增型,且景观转型的重点主要体现在耕地收缩、果园扩张和林地恢复性增长。（2）2000—2018年,研究区河谷地区的景观类型逐渐多样化,土地利用集聚,呈现空间集约化;而山地丘陵地区景观类型逐渐单一化,林地恢复。整体上由生产型景观格局转型成生态经济型、生态调节型为主的景观格局。（3）社会经济发展和政府政策导向等因素导致研究区内土地利用发生转型,在土地利用转型背景下的乡村景观格局也发生了相应的转变。研究结果可为类似山区土地资源的合理利用、生态治理和乡村振兴提供借鉴价值。

Evolution of rural landscape pattern under the background of land use transformation: Based on the transect analysis of Caotangxi watershed

Under the background of land use transformation in mountainous areas, the study on the evolution and transformation of rural landscape pattern has certain guiding significance for the sustainable development of modern agriculture and the optimization of landscape pattern in the same areas. This paper takes the Caotangxi watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir area as the research object, using transect gradient analysis combined with landscape pattern analysis method, with the aid of ArcGIS 10.2 and Fragstats 4.2 software. Based on the topography and economic factors, five strips are set in the valley area and the mountainous/hilly areas to analyze and compare the gradient evolution and driving mechanism of the landscape pattern in different directions of the study area from 2000 to 2018. Results showed that: (1) The overall change of landscape types can be identified into relatively stable, decreasing year by year, and increasing fluctuations. The emphasis of landscape transformation is mainly reflected in the contraction of farmland, expansion of orchards, and restorative growth of forest land. (2) From 2000 to 2018, the landscape types in the valley of the study area were gradually diversified. Land use agglomeration showed a pattern of spatial intensification, while the landscape types in the mountainous and hilly areas gradually became simplistic and the forest land was restored. On the whole, the landscape pattern of production was transformed into a landscape pattern dominated by ecological economy and ecological regulation. (3) Social and economic development and agricultural policies have led to the land use transformation in the study area. Meanwhile, the rural landscape pattern has undergone a corresponding transformation in the context of land use transformation. The research results provide reference value for the rational use of mountainous land resources, ecological management and rural revitalization.