土石坝震损机理及震害影响因素研究

汶川8.0级地震造成主震区四川省境内1997座水库的坝体、溢洪道、输水管、管理房等水利设施不同程度的损毁,不仅无法实现水利功能,而且面临洪水威胁.汶川地震中土石坝典型震害包括裂缝、滑坡、渗漏以及坝体沉陷等.在调查主震区土石坝地震损毁特点的基础上,分析了均质土坝、面板堆石坝、心墙坝等坝型主要震害产生的原因,阐述了影响土石坝震害程度的诸多因素及其作用方式,控制性因素主要有外部因素如场地类别、地震动参数,坝体内部因素如坝料特性、坝型及坝高、坝坡坡率等.

Research on Earthquake-damaged Mechanisms and Influencing Factors for Earth-rock Dam

Wenchuan earthquake caused different degrees of damage to water conservancy facilities as dams,spillways,water pipes and office buildings of 1997 reservoirs in the main earthquake zone in Sichuan province.These damages not only caused failure of water conservancy function but also resulted in risk of flood.Typical earthquake damages of the Wenchuan earthquake include fissures,landslide,seepage and dam subsidence.On the basis of investigation of characteristics of seismic damaged earth-rock dams,the causes of main earthquake damages of homogeneous earth dams,concrete faced rock-fill dams and core wall dams are analyzed and the factors that affect degrees of seismic damages of earth-rock dams and mode of action of seismic damages are illustrated.The results show that controlling factors mainly include external factors as types of dam sites and ground motion parameters and internal factors include property of dam materials,dam types,dam height and slope rate of dam slope.