新疆拟建铁路沿线雪风灾分区和致灾性分析

对1990-2000年新疆铁路沿线地区220个大风灾害日和2000-2010年300个大(暴)雪日灾情进行了分析,以1961-2008年年均冬季最大雪深、1961-2010年年均最大风速和致灾性大风日数及承灾体脆弱性作为铁路沿线雪风灾评价指标,基于GIS空间分析对拟建铁路沿线地区的雪风灾进行了区域划分和致灾性定量分析。结果表明:①冬春季是铁路沿线雪灾高发季。拟建铁路阿勒泰-富蕴段、塔城-额敏段为重雪灾区。在铁路弯道设计、防风墙建设方面应进行严格科学论证,作好积雪防护。②大风致灾事件多发生在4-6月。拟建铁路吐鲁番境内柴窝铺-了墩段位于大风高值区,年均大风日60 d以上,哈密-若羌段40 d左右,塔什库尔干-阿克陶段25 d左右。建议在大风地区修建"挡风墙"并修建防护林带和保护铁路沿线现有稀疏植被。

Snow and Wind Disaster Zoning and Catastrophability Analysis of the Planned Railway in Xinjiang

In this paper,220 strong wind disasters occurred in 1990~2000 and 300 snow disasters occurred in 2000~ 2010 in the areas along the railway are analyzed.Average annual maximum snow depth in winter during 1961 and 2008,average annual maximum wind speed and average annual number of days during 1961 and 2010 and the vulnerability of hazard-affected bodies are used as the index to evaluate the degree of snow and wind disasters along the railway.Snow and wind disasters zoning and quantitative analysis of hazard in the areas along the planned railway are analyzed by using GIS spatial methods.The results show that,① winter and spring are high-occurrence seasons of snow disasters along the railway line.The planned railway in the areas of Aletai-Fuyun and Tacheng-Emin are heavy snow areas.The strict scientific verification should be made for railway curve design and windbreak wall construction for heavy snow protection.② Most of wind disasters occur in April,May and June.The planned railway in the areas of Chaiwopu-Liaodun in Tulufan basin is in the high risk area of wind,average annual number of wind days is more than 60 days,Hami-Ruoqiang section is 40 days,Tashikuergan-Aketao is about 25 days.Wind wall and shelter belts should be constructed in the windy areas and the existing sparse vegetation along the railway should be protected to withstand high winds.