1980-2009年期间黑龙江省玉米低温冷害年判定

将黑龙江省玉米种植区分为东、西、南、北、中5个区域,并在5个区域中选取24个气象站作为研究对象,利用逐日气象资料和玉米发育期资料,考虑玉米各发育阶段对温度的不同需求,建立具有气象、农学和生物学意义的玉米低温冷害综合指标。结果表明:1980-2009年间,黑龙江省共发生了14次玉米低温冷害,其中1987年冷害严重;以每10年进行比较,冷害的发生频次和程度都呈下降趋势。近30年来,冷害程度具有明显的区域差异,北部重于中部,中部重于南部;冷害频次上呈现北部最多,中部次之,南部最少的特点。

Judgment of Corn Chilling Damage Year from 1980 to 2009 in Heilongjiang Province

Corn growing area in Heilongjiang is divided into 5 regions as eastern,western,southern,northern and central regions.24 weather stations are selected in the mentioned 5 regions as the research object.By use of daily meteorological data and information on growing stages of corn,comprehensive index of corn chilling damage with the weather,agriculture and biological significance is established based on temperature requirement in different stages of corn growth.The results show that,in the period from 1980 to 2009,a total of 14 chilling damages of corn occurred in Heilongjiang Province,of which the severe chilling damage occurred in 1987.Compared to every 10 years,the frequency and extent of chilling damage tend to decrease.In the recent 30 years,chilling damages are of significant regional differences that the chilling damages in the northern region is heavier than that in the central region and chilling damages in the central region is heavier than that in the southern region.It is characterized by the highest frequency in the northern region,moderate frequency in the central region and the lowest frequency in the southern region.