铅低积累大豆的筛选及铅对其豆中矿物营养元素的影响

筛选和培育铅低积累作物品种已被用来降低铅流入到人们的食物链中.本实验采用盆栽方法,研究了16个选定的大豆品种在两个铅处理(500和1500 mg·kg-1)下的生长反应,并评估其对铅的耐性.结果表明,在两个铅处理(500和1500 mg·kg-1)下,大豆中Pb含量有显著差异(p0.05),其平均值分别为0.19和0.27 mg·kg-1.在两种Pb梯度处理下富集系数的范围分别为0.003~0.014和0.002~0.012.16种大豆品种的富集系数在两种Pb梯度处理下均小于0.02,且存在显著差异(p0.05),表明大豆吸收的Pb主要积累在根部.大豆品种:垦丰16号、绥农28号、中黄35号和黑河35号被发现符合低铅积累大豆品种的标准.这4个品种的大豆被进一步用于评估Pb和其他矿质营养元素之间的相互作用,如Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg、Mn和Zn.土壤中Pb含量会影响大豆对微量矿物营养元素的吸收,表现为土壤中高剂量Pb能抑制大豆对Ca、Cu、Fe、Mg和Zn的吸收,同时增加其对Mn的吸收和积累.

Identification of Chinese soybean cultivars with low lead accumulation and the effect of lead on their mineral ion complement

The selection and breeding of low lead accumulation cultivars has been used to minimize the influx of lead (Pb) into the human food chain. Pot-culture experiments were carried out to examine the growth response of 16 selected soybean cultivars to two Pb treatments (500 and 1500 mg · kg^-1) and to assess their tolerance to lead. The results indicated that the seed Pb concentrations under two Pb treatments (500 and 1500 mg · kg^-1) varied significantly (p<0.05), with average values of 0.19 and 0.27 mg · kg^-1, respectively. The enrichment factors (EF) under two Pb treatments ranged from 0.003 to 0.014 and 0.002 to 0.012, respectively. The enrichment factors (EF) in 16 Chinese soybean cultivars were all lower than 0.02 and varied significantly (p<0.05), which showed that Pb was mainly accumulated in roots. Cultivars Kenfeng 16, Suinong 28, Zhonghuang 35 and Heihe 35 fit the criteria for low lead accumulation soybean cultivars. The seeds of these four cultivars were further assessed for interactions between Pb and other mineral nutrient elements such as Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn. The concentration of Pb in soil can affect the absorption of soybean on mineral nutrient elements. High concentrations of Pb in soil can inhibit soybean on Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg and Zn absorption, and increase the Mn absorption and accumulation.