Material flow and industrial demand for palladium in Korea |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Systems Innovation, Graduate School of Engineering, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan;2. Institute of Environmental Engineering and Management, National Taipei University of Technology, 1, Sec. 3, Chung Hsiao E. Rd., Taipei 10608, Taiwan, ROC;1. Centro Nacional de Aceleradores (US-CSIC-JA), C/Thomas A. Edison 7, Sevilla, 41092, Spain;2. Dpto. Física Aplicada III, Univ. de Sevilla, Camino de los Descubrimientos s/n, Sevilla, 41092, Spain;3. Dpto. Física Aplicada I, Univ. de Sevilla, C/Virgen de África 7, Sevilla, 41011, Spain;4. Dpto. Prehistoria y Arqueología, Univ. de Sevilla, C/María de Padilla s/n, Sevilla, 41004, Spain;5. Dpto. Física Atómica, Molecular y Nuclear, Univ. de Sevilla, Avda/Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla, 41012, Spain;1. School of Economics and Management of China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. MLR Key Laboratory of Metallogeny and Mineral Assessment, Institute of Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;3. Research Center for Strategy of Global Mineral Resources, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, China;4. China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China;1. Department of Energy and Environment, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-41296 Gothenburg, Sweden;2. IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute, Box 53021, SE-40014 Gothenburg, Sweden |
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| Abstract: | Material flow analysis (MFA) requires the use of reliable data. In intermediate or the end industries that lack field survey data or actual statistical data, the integrated material flow analysis methodology uses bottom–up flow analysis for primary and secondary resources, and top–down flow analysis for the distribution structure. By combining the advantages of the top–down and bottom–up methods, the Integrated Material flow Analysis Methodology (IMFAM) can overcome the limitations of each methodology. Using the IMFAM, this study surveyed the material flow of palladium, and a platinoid element used in Korea. Palladium is produced as a byproduct in the copper refining process in Korea, and about 80% of used palladium as a three-way catalyst (TWC), i.e., an exhaust gas purifying system for automobiles. As automobile production in Korea is expected to continually increase, the usage of palladium is also expected to increase. Moreover, the increase in the use of printed circuit board (PCB) plating solutions is expected to further increase the use of palladium.This MFA results well represent the flow of palladium in Korea and give a strategy to secure palladium steadily. |
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| Keywords: | Palladium Platinum group metals Material flow analysis |
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