Assessment of residential rainwater harvesting efficiency for meeting non-potable water demands in three climate conditions |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Technical and Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;2. Soil Conservation and Watershed Management Research Institute, Tehran, Iran;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur 1704, Bangladesh;2. Department of Civil & Construction Engineering, Swinburne University of Technology, Melbourne, VIC, Australia;1. Faculty of Environment and Labour Safety, Ton Duc Thang University, 19 Nguyen Huu Tho Street, Tan Phong Ward, District 7, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam;2. Department of Civil & Environment Engineering #35-518, Seoul National University, 599 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea;1. Institute for Technology and Resources Management in the Tropics and Subtropics (ITT), Cologne University of Applied Sciences (CUAS), Betzdorferstr. 2, 50679 Cologne, Germany;2. Institute of Geography, Faculty of Physics and Earth Sciences, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 19a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany |
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| Abstract: | Global demand for clean water supplies is on the rise due to population growth. This is also true in most cities of Iran. Non-conventional water resources must be developed to partially offset the increasing demand. In this study, the applicability and performance of rainwater harvesting (RWH) systems to supply daily non-potable water were assessed. Storage of rain falling on the roofs of residential buildings and directed into installed tanks was simulated in three cities of varying climatic conditions, namely Tabriz (Mediterranean climate), Rasht (humid climate), and Kerman (arid climate). Daily rainfall statistics for a period of 53 years as well as the information on the contributing roof area, available tank volumes and non-potable water demand were collected in each city. Typical residential buildings with roof areas of 60, 120, 180 and 240 m2 with an average of four residents in each house were considered for the study. According to the results in humid climate, it is possible to supply at least 75% of non-potable water demand by storing rainwater from larger roof areas for a maximum duration of 70% of the times. For roofs with small surface area, the supply meets 75% of non-potable water demand for a maximum duration of 45% of the times. Moreover, for Mediterranean climate, it is possible to supply at least 75% of non-potable water demand in buildings with larger roof areas for a maximum duration of 40% of the times. It is also found that in arid climate, similar duration is only 23% of the times. |
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