Landfill diversion in a decentralized setting: A dynamic assessment of landfill taxes |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China;2. Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA;3. China Institute of Manufacturing Development, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China;4. School of Public Policy, University of Maryland, College Park, 20742, USA;1. Thule Institute, Centre of Northern Environmental Technology (NorTech Oulu), University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland;2. MTT Agrifood Research Finland, FI-31600 Jokioinen, Finland;1. University of Zagreb, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Naval Architecture, Ivana Lučića 5, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia;2. Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Frederiksborgvej 399, 4 000 Roskilde, Denmark;3. SDEWES Centre, Ivana Lučića 5, 10 002 Zagreb, Croatia |
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| Abstract: | We analyze the process of landfill diversion and its main determinants, by embedding the dynamics in a frame where economic, geographical and policy variables come into play. In addition to structural and economic drivers, we primarily investigate whether the Italian tax has been effective in supporting landfill diversion. Although the Italian landfill tax dates back to 1996, the oldest in the EU, its effectiveness in terms of landfill diversion has not been assessed yet. The complexity primarily derives from the decentralized regional implementation and the absence of a full coherent dataset covering all regions. We merge this new and original data on taxes to an integrated dataset which includes economic, waste and policy variables at regional level over the period 1999–2008. Panel regressions show that the effect of tax is significant, even when taking into account for its possible endogeneity. Regions that have increased such taxes have improved waste disposal performances over time. Landfill taxes are surely not the only instrument policy makers might introduce, but they seem to play a relevant role in the evolution of Italian waste disposal performances. |
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| Keywords: | Landfill taxes Landfill diversion Separated collection Decentralized policy Regional performance Policy endogeneity |
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