中美燃煤火电厂空气污染物排放标准比较研究

本文对中美燃煤火电厂国家行业排放标准的内容设置、限值形式、监测、记录和报告规定,以及固定源排污许可证中如何执行排放标准进行了比较。相对于美国,中国燃煤火电厂国家行业排放标准文本内容过于简略,限值形式设置单一,主要采用全国统一的浓度限值而不是采用绩效限值;浓度限值的制定基于部分样本源而不是全部源的数据,很难体现行业的排放控制技术水平;达标判据不科学,也过于严格,小时均值的考核方式影响了火电厂的生产安排;排放标准中监测配套规定单薄,与环境监测的一般规定衔接性不佳,针对性差;记录和报告要求缺位,不能满足排污许可证管理的需求。建议参照美国行业排放标准的内容形式,排放限值采用绩效限值形式,并规定长平均周期的考核要求,将与之配套的监测、记录和报告要求纳入排放标准,以满足固定源排污许可证制度的需求。

A Comparative Study on the Emission Standards for Coal-fred Power Plant between USA and China

A comparison study between USA and China to the content settings, emission limits, monitoring, recording reporting requirements of the national emission standards for coal-fired power plant industry, and how to implement the standards in emission permits of stationary sources was conducted. Compared with the United States, China''s national emission standards for coal-fired power plant are too simple. For example, the emission limit indicators only adopt pollutant concentration limit rather than use performance limits in USA; the concentration limit is made by sampling not by whole stationary sources data and failed to reflect the technical level for the whole sector; the compliance criteria are not only unscientific, but also too strict to achieve, for example, the criteria of average concentration limit per hour have affected production arrangement greatly; the emission monitoring requirements are incomplete which cannot be coordinated with the general provisions of monitoring regulations; records and reporting requirements are absence, which cannot meet the needs of the emission permit management. It is suggested to refer to the experience of the USA, adopt the performance standards and the longer period limits, monitoring, recording and reporting requirements shall be included in China''s the emission standards in order to meet the requirements of stationary source''s emission permit.