基于Malmquist指数的工业污染治理投入效率分析

本文基于DEA的Malmquist指数方法对我国30个省(市、自治区)的工业污染治理投入效率进行分析。研究结果表明:2006—2014年全国工业污染治理投入全要素生产率平均下降1.9%,其中,11个省市、自治区(占比36.6%)出现了全要素生产率的改善,19个省市、自治区(占比63.3%)出现了下降,下降幅度最大的省市为上海市;从分解指数来看,技术效率指数增长4%,技术进步指数下降2.3%,即全要素生产率下降的主要原因是技术进步的不足;从区域角度来看,东、中西部的全要素生产率指数分别为0.960、0.961和1.025,受规模低的影响,东、中部地区的工业污染治理效率低于西部地区;从时间维度来看,除2008—2011年工业污染治理投资全要素生产率有一定程度的改善外,其他年份的全要素生产率提升不明显,尤其是2011年以来,受技术进步不足影响,全要素生产率逐年下降。基于实证分析,本文从推动企业生产技术创新和污染治理技术创新、正向激励与反向约束并施一同促进工业企业加大污染治理投入、鼓励企业采用环境污染第三方治理方式治污等方面提出政策建议。

Analysis of Industrial Pollution Control Investment Effciency Based on Malmquist Index

The investment effciency of industrial pollution control in 30 provinces of China was analyzed based on DEA Malmquist Index method. The results showed that:the average total factor productivity of industrial pollution control investment in 2006-2014 was decreased by 1.9%, where 11 provinces were improved and others were decreased, especially Shanghai had the biggest reduction. The technical effciency index increased 4% and the technical progress index decreased 2.3%, indicated that the main reason for the decline of total factor productivity was the lack of technical progress. From the regional point of view, total factor productivity index in the east and central region was 0.960 and 0.961, lower than that in the west 1.025; from the perspective of the time dimension, since 2011, affected by the lack of technical progress, the effciency was decreased. Based on the empirical analysis, this paper put forward policy recommendations from the aspects of improving the level of technology and expanding the scale of investment.